Being Single

Being  single doesn't necessarily mean you're available. Sometimes you have to put up a sign that says, â€Å"Do Not Disturb† on your heart. | If  you aren't happy being single you will never be happy in a relationship. Get your own life and love it first, then share it. If  you're single, focus on being a better you instead of looking for someone better than your ex. A better you will attract a better next. Being  single doesn't necessarily mean one is not wanted. In many cases it means that one knows what they want and if they can't find that someone special then they'll remain single forever because they're OK and happy with who they are and just want that someone special to complete them and take their happiness a higher level. â€Å"Being single† is a term used to describe the state of a person being single and not committed. A single person unlike a committed person is not involved in any relationship. A single person has a multitude of friends and acquaintances and enjoys his single status. Being single is a privilege for many, since they are free to live life individually, without the pressures and expectations that are often associated with a committed relationship. Life is truly an unpredictable affair and you have no idea about how it can change at any point of time. So, people some people prefer being single rather than getting committed to someone. Dealing with relationships and making them successful is not everyone’s cup of tea. Relationships require emotional investment, as well as a lot of time to make things work. So, staying single is what people prefer usually. Stephanie Mills had once remarked, â€Å"I enjoy being single, but I loved being married. †

Report in Delta Life Insurance Company

Executive Summary The development of a country depends up on the consolidate development of all infrastructures like-agricultural sector, industrial sector, financial sector, technological sector etc. But developing all these structures is not easy. A lot of troubles and threats always hinder and make difficulties to success. The most difficult problem is financial risk. So if it is feasible to provide financial protection then most of the structural development will be achievable with minimal efforts. And the most well known practical method for handling financial risk is insurance.Delta Life Insurance Company Limited was incorporated in November 10, 1986 and is mainly engaged in Ordinary Life (OL), Group Insurance (GI), Health Insurance (HI) business and non-traditional micro insurance business under the name of Gono-Grameen Bima (GN-GRB). The Company is a publicly traded Company and its shares are listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. However, we have p repared this report on Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd, which is one of the growing and prospective insurance companies in the insurance industry.The company is providing protection and financial security to the nation, whilst adding shareholders value thought customer service excellence. By the way of examining and evaluation the functions and performance of Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd, we tried to illustrate a true scenario of insurance industry of Bangladesh. Our report topic is ? Overall Activities Delta Life Insurance Co. Lid?. So, to get an accurate realization about Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Basically, we emphasize on underwriting process & claim settlement issues of Delta Life Insurance Company. 1. Introduction: 1. Origin: As we are the student of business administration we have been authorized by our guide teacher to prepare a report on the activities of Delta Life Insurance Company given to the customers and their underwriting process and claim settlement. 1. 2 Objective s of the report: 1. 2. 1: Broad Objectives: A broad objective is to find out the overall activities of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd and the procedure of underwriting processes and claim settlement issues 1. 2. 2: Specific Objectives: 1. To have a brief idea about insurance industry and their policy and procedures 2.To find out their services. 3. To find out the different products. 4. To find out the different types rates. 5. To find out the different types condition 1. 3 Scope: To find out the overall activities & accounts department of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd we have visited Motijheel Branch of Delta life insurance compny. 1. 4: Methodology: * Primary Data: Primary data was collected with the help of information given by M. Mosharaof Hossain, Assistant vice president, Delta life insurance company * Secondary Data: Secondary data was collected form the following sources: * Websites Books regarding insurance * Articles on insurance policies 1. 5: Limitations: In this sho rt time, we have tried to give our maximum effort to provide the information about the total activities of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd. Several drawbacks that appeared at the time of preparing the report and hindered the total work process are as under: Time limitation: The limitation of this study involved limited time frame that was available for completing such an in-depth report. Our semester consists of four month.Within this time most of the teachers give the assignment or report after mid term exam and we are required to prepare and submit assignment or report within this short time. As a result we had to divide time for preparing report for our courses. As a partial fulfillment of our course we also required to prepare this report within short time. So it was hard to complete tis assignment covering all important matters . Other limitations: * One of the main barriers of the report was the confidentiality of the data * Not able to collect information from the source. It was difficult to include all the information to prepare a proper report Company Background Name, Address, Established date & some words Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. established mainly through the initiative of a group of Bangladeshi professionals then working abroad along with a few enthusiastic local entrepreneurs, started its operation in December, 1986 after the Government of Bangladesh allowed the private sector to operate in the insurance sector in 1984 to carry on the business of insurance in the Private Sector. A brief explanation as to the growth of life insurance business in Bangladesh is in order here.Bangladesh declared independence from the Pakistani rules on March 26, 1971 following which she had to witness a bloody liberation struggle with the occupation forces lasting for 9 months before they were defeated. Insurance business which was exclusively carried on in private sector before independence was nationalized after liberation in 1972 primarily to address the emer ging situation of eroding public confidence in the industry that was left staggeringly short of resources in the face of huge losses caused by the war of liberation.After a series of experimentation, a state-owned body, namely Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC), established in May, 1973 for transacting the life insurance business, took over the assets and liabilities under life portfolios of all erstwhile private insurance companies and started business in its own name. However, things did not improve; rather, in many respects became more exacerbating and the Government then thought it better to allow private sector participation in insurance business.Since inception, Delta Life set before itself a high standard of all round performance coextensive with professional soundness and proficiency. It soon made a mark in the life insurance arena by not only being the leader among the private sector indigenous companies, but by undertaking and successfully implementing innovative and welfare ori ented life insurance schemes. It introduced an array of conventional life and group insurance products – many of which were the first in Bangladesh. For the first time, health insurance products were also introduced by Delta Life.But more importantly, in fulfilment of the avowed commitment towards social development, Delta Life for the first time not only in Bangladesh but probably in the World, devised and introduced micro-life insurance-cum-savings products specially suited to the needs and pockets of poor people of the country who constitute more than 80% of the people of Bangladesh Two projects of the company namely Grameen Bima for the rural people and Gono Bima for the poor and marginal savers of the urban areas were initiated to devote themslave exclusively to marketing and management of these innovative products.We are happy to report that we have achieved a good measure of success although there is a long way to go. These schemes that we have introduced have created great stir and enthusiasm among the general mass who, before these projects started functioning, could not even dream of owning a policy that provides the much needed life insurance coverage along with facility of regular savings on a long-term basis. At a later stage i. e. in the year 2002, the projects were merged into a division of Delta Life, namely, Gono Grameen Bima Division.The GNGRB Division has been growing at a first rate of more than 25% p. a. for the last couple of the years and is poised to maintain this growth rate at least in the next five years or so. Vision To be a market leader in providing integrated total security clients service, to be an innovative, profitable, customer friendly with a global focus. Mission: Create unmatched value for everyone through dependable, effective, transparent and profitable life insurance and pension plans.Objectives of Delta life Insurance company: To serve the humanity for its well being in the present and the world hereafter by pro viding financial and moral gains through utmost good faith, good conduct, mutual trust, sincerity, integrity and personalized services. Address of Main Branch: * Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd * Gouse Pak Building (5th Floor) * 28/G/1, Toyebee Circuler Road * Motijheel C/A, Dhaka Ph: +88 02 9560407 Branches Branches /offices/service center/zone| Address |Dhaka Service Center| * Gouse Pak Building (5th Floor) * 28/G/1, Toyebee Circuler Road * Motijheel C/A, Dhaka * Ph: +88 02 9560407| Comilla Service Center| * Gani Bhuiyan Mansion (3rd Floor) * Monohorpur, Comilla * Ph: +88 081 68796| Rajshahi Service Center| * C & B More * Kajihata, Rajshahi * Ph: +88 0721 770693| Chittagong Service Center| * Ajmol Arcade (4th Floor) * 1806, Sheikh Mujib Road * Agrabad C/A, Chittagong * Ph: +88 031 713059| Barisal Service Center| * Ahsan Plaza (2nd Floor) * Bot Tola * Nobogram Road, Barisal * Ph: +88 0431 64306| Dhaka Metro ZOC| * Baitul Abed Tower (10th Floor) * 53, Purana Paltan * Dhaka * Ph: +88 02 9570324| Chittagong ZOC| * 119/120, Mirzapur * Muradpur, Chittagong * Ph: +88 031 656333| Barisal ZOC| * Shahida Villa (3rd Floor) * Bogra Road, Barisal * Ph: +88 0431 62943| There are so many branches existing in Bangladesh. We don’t want to include those. Board of Directors Chairman Mr. Monzurur Rahman Directors: * Mr. Aziz Ahmed * Mr. Kazi Fazlur Rahman * Mr. Borhanuddin Ahmed * Ms. Anika Rahman * Mrs. Adeeba Rahman * Mr. Zeyad Rahman * Mr. Md. Mujibur Rahman * Mr. Md. Abdul Wahab * Mr. Arif Ahmed * Mr. Md. Nurul Islam * Mr. Golam Sarwar * Mrs. Syeda Soyeli Ahmed * Ms. Saika Rahman 2. 1 Committees of the Board Audit Committee Chairman * Mr. Aziz AhmedMember * Mr. Borhanuddin Ahmed * Mr. Md. Mujibur Rahman * Mr. Zeyad Rahma ————————————————- Delta life Insurance Co. Ltd Organogram of Delta Life Insurance Company Ltd Chapter-02 Performance Analysis General Account s (Provisional and Unaudited) `(Amount In Crore Tk. ) General: Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| First Year Premium| 120. 51| 107. 40| 95. 32| 82. 30| 85. 40| Renewal Premium| 342. 91| 302. 83| 266. 79| 245. 00| 207. 60| Group Insurance Premium| 21. 28| 19. 94| 16. 17| 10. 60| 8. 32| Health Insurance Premium| 14. 42| 10. 68| 5. 22| 3. 29| 2. 66| Gross Premium| 499. 12| 440. 85| 383. 50| 341. 9| 303. 44| Growth over Previous Year| 13. 22 %| 14. 95 %| 12. 40 %| 12. 44 %| 17. 84 %| Investment Income| 298. 95| 180. 99| 127. 99| 112. 00| 89. 66| Income from Other Sources| 5. 89| 4. 87| 4. 83| 2. 61| 1. 41| Management Expense Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Commission Expense| 91. 16| 80. 36| 69. 35| 62. 67| 63. 67| Admin Expense| 68. 69| 62. 34| 56. 40| 50. 26| 44. 45| Management Expense (as % of gross premium)| 32. 03| 32. 37| 32. 79| 33. 10| 35. 63| Claims Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Number of Claims| 149051| 156444| 214301| 151523| 59567| Amount of C laims| 223. 54| 204. 80| 243. 40| 175. 81| 89. 85| OthersParticulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Assets| 2,180. 23| 1,755. 61| 1,473. 62| 1,325. 25| 1,129. 92| Life Fund| 2,034. 95| 1,619. 00| 1,347. 01| 1,206. 07| 1041. 44| Chapter-03 Number of policies 1. Ordinary Life Insurance 2. Gono Grameen Bima 3. Group Life Insurance 4. Health Insurance Chapter-04 Under – writing process & claim settlement process: 4. 1: Ordinary Life Insurance Delta Life offers a wide variety of ordinary life product/plans ranging from the most common endowment type to more modern and sophisticated plans like endowment with open term, pension plan with built in provision for increasing pension, increasing protection with provision for premium refund etc.The plans have been designed keeping in view the diverse and multifaceted needs of the insuring public belonging to different strata of the society. Some of the popular plans are briefly described below. 4. 1. 1: Endowment plan with and without pro fits: The most common and widely popular, this plan provides for a fixed sum at end of a particular term or at earlier death of the assured. The plan is available under both options i. e. with profit and without profit. This is a straightforward coverage allowing a person to plan his future needs for security and projected savings through means of insurance. eds for security and projected savings through means of insurance. 4. 1. 2: One-two-three endowment plan with profitsThis plan provides for high security at earlier death of the assured before expiry of term (10 & 20 years) or the sum assured at expiry of the term. The plan provides for double the sum assured at premature death due to illness or treble the sum assured if death occurs directly as the result of an accident along with accrued bonuses till death or maturity as the case may be. 4. 1. 3: Installment payment plans with or without profit: a) Three payments plan Given for terms like 12, 15, 18, 21 years with or without p rofits this plan provides for one fourth of the sum assured upon expiry of each one third of the term and on death at anytime within the term the full sum assured – payment of one or all the installments notwithstanding.In case of survival to the end of the term remaining portion of the sum assured along with profits is paid after deducting the installments already paid. b) Bi-annual payment plan is given for 10, 15 & 20 years' term and provides for payment of a portion of sum assured bi-annually after expiry of the 4th year of the policy, if the policyholder is then living. The amount of installment and when payable is shown in the table below: Policy Term| Amount of Installment| When Payable| Sum Assured Payable on Maturity| 10 Years| 20%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th years| 40%| 15 Years| 15%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th 12th years| 25%| 20 Years| 10%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th ; 18th years| 25%|Notwithstanding the payment of any number of installments, the policyholder remains covered for full risk and on death occurring before maturity, full sum assured is payable. * The higher numbered table refers to without profit premium rates. 4. 1. 4: Premium back term Insurance Plan without Profits These are comparatively low cost plans. These plans provide for payment of sum assured in case of premature death within the term or refund of all premiums paid at end of term. Under Table-59(A), sum assured keeps on increasing at 8% p. a. on each successive policy anniversary and such increased sum is paid at death during the term. On survival up to the end of term, all premium paid during the term is paid.Under Table-65(A) a guaranteed profit equal to 10% of sum assured is paid along with full premium at end of term as survival benefit. On death before maturity, the sum assured is payable. 4. 1. 5: Pension Plan (Table-72A, 72D) without profits. Under plan pensions are provided at quarterly intervals from an age designated by the policyholder for life, guaranteed for a minimum period of 10 years i. e. if the pensioner dies anytime within 10 years his designated nominee will get pension for remaining term of 10 years. Before pension starts, if the assured policyholder dies, 10 times the annual pension is paid as a lump-sum to his nominee and the policy is terminated upon such payment.There is another plan that while providing for full protection against premature death as described above, provides for pension from a designated age as elected by the policyholder at an increasing rate i. e. pension will increase at 10% at intervals of two years. Payment of pension is guaranteed for at least ten years and thereafter as long as the pensioner lives. Both these pension plans provide for waiver of premium in case of permanent and total disability due to accident before commencement of pension. 4. 1. 6: Child Educational Protection Plan with Profits Multiple benefits in the form of scholarships, monthly annuities et c. in addition to sum assured are available under these plans.Under one plan sum assured or a part thereof is also payable to the policyholder in case the child dies prematurely. 4. 1. 7:. Tri-dimensional Policy Built-in benefits for payment of 50% sum assured immediately if critical illness is diagnosed. Premium and the sum assured will thereafter be halved and the policy continues. Under this plan, a spouse may also be covered for major disease benefits. 4. 1. 8: Moving Term Plan Policies under the plan are initially issued and is to be taken for a minimum term (6 to 10 years) as elected by policy holder. Any time within this minimum term if death occurs, full sum assured is payable. At the expiry of the minimum term, the policy may be surrendered for full refund of premiums paid.However, the policyholder need not terminate his policy at end of the minimum specified period. The policy will automatically continue till age 65 years of the policyholder unless he terminates it earlier . The survival benefit comprises of refund of all premiums paid along with bonuses. In case of premature death the nominee(s) is paid the sum assured plus all premiums paid till death, or all premiums paid with profit accrued till death whichever is greater. 4. 1. 9: Single Premium Multiple Security Plan It is a single Premium Policy offering multiple securities for five years term. It covers natural death, permanent and partial/total disability and seven major diseases.Premiums are based on the age of the proposer. This plan perfectly suits the needs of the executive class. Policy Conditions * Surrender Value: After payment of two full years' premium, the policy acquires cash surrender value which is quoted on request unless stated in the policy itself. * Loan: At any time after a cash surrender value is available under the policy and while the policy is in force, the policyholder may obtain, subject to the company's existing rules, a loan on the policy up to 90% of the cash surren der value. * Age Proof: Age of life assured as declared while applying for the policy has to be authenticated with an age proof document acceptable to the company.The company reserves the right to require proof of age of the life assured before paying any claim under the policy if not admitted earlier. * Settlement Option:Payee may elect to receive the proceeds of the policy in installments instead of in a single sum, in such a manner as may be agreed upon with the company. * Suicide: Should the life assured commit suicide, whether the assured be then sane or insane, within two years from the commencement date or from reinstatement of the policy, then the liability of the company shall be limited to the refund of all premiums paid under the policy less indebtedness, if any, at the time of such death. Bonus: Delta Life pays attractive bonuses to its with-profit policies.The present rate of policy bonuses are as following: a) A compound reversionary bonus @ 5% of paid up sum assured. This bonus is not paid on the installments withdrawn (under Table-03, 04) from the date of such withdrawal. b) A simple reversionary bonus ranging from Tk. 10 to Tk. 15 per thousand sum assured per year depending on term. c) A terminal bonus equal to 10% to 12% of sum assured at maturity of policy depending on terms if the policy would have been in force for at least 2/3rd of its term. Average Rate of Bonus On the basis of the three types of bonuses the Company now pays to its with profit policies, the average bonus earned by a Tk. ,00,000 sum assured endowment policy (except Table No. 03, 04) per thousand sum assured per year shall be as following: Term of Policy| Total Bonus at Maturity| Average Rate per Thousand per S. A. year| 10 Years| Tk. 52,000. 00| Tk. 52. 00| 15 Years| Tk. 81,000. 00| Tk. 54. 00| 20 Years| Tk. 1,15000. 00| Tk. 58. 00| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 2: Gono Grameen Bima Delta Life first launched Micro-insurance product in 1988 through its Grameen Bima Project(GR B) to cater to the necessity of economic protection against premature death and of disability as well as providing a way for regular savings for the poor and low income group of people living in villages.Later it started another project in 1994, namely, Gono Bima(GNB) for the urban poor and the low income class. These projects are now merged under the name of Gono-Grameen Bima Project(GN-GRB). The initial problems apart, the project started to yield impressive results right from the beginning by creating great interest among the target population who could not even perceive an institutional arrangement through which the ever present problems of insecurity of life could be addressed. To suit the needs and pockets of the target people, and for efficient management of these portfolios, some of the age-old traditional concepts of carrying on life insurance business had to be diluted and in some cases replaced by simple and straightforward practices.Yet, the results are so encouraging th at Delta Life is now regarded far and wide as the undisputed leader espousing the cause of welfare of teeming millions and its experiences are now used to advantage not only by indigenous companies but also other micro-savings organizations abroad. 4. 2. 1: Target Group and the Product In GN-GRB the formalities are minimum. Insurance Cover is given under Group Insurance concept. A person interested in a policy submits a simple two-page proposal form; it is signed or thumb imprinted by him or her. There is no need for medical check-up. The person needs to be between 18 and 45 years of age, have a monthly income of Tk. 5,000. 00 (US $100. 00) or less, be of good health and supply a Declaration of Good Health (DGH) at the time of submitting the Proposal form.Death through pregnancy complications within the first year of the policy and death through suicide in the first year of the policy are not covered under an â€Å"exclusion clause†. Simple endowment with profit policies are offered for 10 and 15 years term both with premium payment mode being weekly or monthly. Premium rate is the same irrespective of age at entry. Besides this plan, new plans like three-payment plan with 12 and 15 years term and double protection endowment plan have recently been introduced. 4. 2. 2: Policy Documents Upon acceptance of the proposal, a pass book is issued to the policyholder detailing all terms and conditions of the policy.The pass book serves as the purpose of recording of all payments made by him towards the policy. There is one group policy document for the policyholders of each Thana or Block. For individual policyholders the passbook serves as policy document. 4. 2. 3: Micro Investment (Loan) GN-GRB gives small project loans to its policyholders on a group liability basis. No collateral is required. There is 20% service charge on the loans, which is calculated at a flat rate and added to the principal amount. The loan, together with the service charge, is repayabl e in 12 equal monthly installments. The repayments are collected from door to door by the organizers. Recently a decision has been taken to establish small collection booths in the villages.A person must be a policyholder and pay premiums for atleast one year before being eligible for a loan. The maximum loan given is Tk. 5,000. 00 (US $100. 00) per policyholder. The loans are for income generating activities (IGA) only. Policyholders form a committee of 5 to 7 members. 3 policyholders selected by the committee are given the first loan. After recovery of 3 installments from each of the first three borrowers, the next 3 are given their loans and so on. As a general rule, 60% of the premium income of an area and 40% of the repaid loan of an area are available for loan in that area. Also 100% of premium collection of a committee is available for loan to that committee. 4. 3: Group Life Insurance Group Life InsuranceGroup Insurance is an instrument for providing life insurance coverage (protection) to a number of individuals under a single contract (policy) who are associated together for a common interest other than insurance. It is the most cost effective means to provide immediate financial support to an insured member and/or his family in case of devastating events like-death, disability, disease as well as retirement. Group Insurance has already established its importance as a component of â€Å"Employee Benefit Package† in Bangladesh. Exclusive features of Group Insurance are: * Insurance coverage to a number of individuals under a single contract * Simple insurable conditions * Easy administrative procedure * Prompt claim settlement Affordable premium * Tax exemption on premium Delta Life offers a host of Group-Life Insurance schemes from which an organization/ employer may choose for benefits of its members/employees, as may best serve their interest according to organizational setup. To be treated as a group, the following criteria need to be fulfi lled. * A â€Å"Group† Should comprise of at least 15 members * It should be a legitimately organized body Group clients of Delta Life Insurance Company Limited include: * Semi-Government organization, autonomous bodies * Private, Non-Government Organizations (NGO's) * Educational & Financial Institutions * Public Limited Companies Associations, Business organizations etc. Group Life Insurance Schemes offered by Delta Life are of two types: * Traditional Schemes: For insurance coverage of members/employees of a Group * Exclusive Schemes: For insurance coverage of clients of Financial Institutions 4. 3. 1: Traditional Scheme: These are the commonly offered â€Å"Group-Life Insurance† schemes and are also known as Basic Schemes: These are: Short Term Contract * Group Term Life Insurance Scheme (GT) * Group Term Life with Premium Refund Scheme (GTR) Long Term Contract * Group Endowment Life Insurance Scheme (GEN) * Group Pension Scheme (GP) There are several variants of B asic Schemes.Examples of two variants of GTR are * GTR-100/10: Group Term Life with 100% Premium Refund after 10 years * GTR-50/10 : Group Term Life with 50% Premium Refund after 10 years Salient features of the Basic Schemes: Group Term Life (GT) * Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock * Contract, Initially for three years and is Renewable * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Option to alter sum assured at any time * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium Rate- comparatively lowest among the basic schemes * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit * Profit Sharing options for large groups Group Term Life Insurance with Premium Refund (GTR) Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock * Contract, initially for ten/fifteen years * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Reasonable Premium Rate, but h igher than GT Scheme * Refund of basic premium (full/partial) on completion of term or retirement * Payment of Surrender Value in case of Policy discontinuation & exclusion * Conversion Privilege to take Individual Life Insurance Policy in lieu * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit Group Endowment Life Insurance (GEN) * Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock Continuous Contract, unless terminated by either party * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium rate-age dependant and variable * Payment of sum assured as per contract on retirement * Payment of Surrender Value in case of discontinuation * Conversion Privilege to take Individual Life Insurance Policy in lieu * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit Group Pension Scheme * Provides for quarterly/yearly pension based on last salary * Continuous Contract, unless terminated by either party * Sco pe for taking â€Å"Death in Service† benefit Scope of taking â€Å"Joint life last survivor pension† benefit * Scope for life pension with/without guaranteed payment period * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium rate- age dependant and variable * Payment of Surrender Value in case of discontinuation * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Features&Benefits| Basic Schemes| | Group Term Life (GT)| Group Term Life with Premium Refund (GTR)| Group Endowment Scheme(GEN)| Age Limit for   Insurance Coverage| 18 years to 60 Years| 18 years to 60 Years| 18 yrs. to the age of  retirement (max. 60 yrs)| Duration of   Contract| 3 years in each spell| 10 years or 15 years in each spell| Continuous Contract, if not terminated| Scope for Inclusion & Exclusion| Yes| Yes| Yes|Scope for Inclusion& Exclusion| Yes| Yes| Yes| Scope for  Alteration of Sum Assured| Yes| Yes| Yes| Premium Rate| Single & Fixed (irrespective of age Low}| Single & Fixed (irrespective of age)| Variable; age dependant  premium rate| Benefits:| Death (payment of  Insured amount on death)| Yes| Yes| Yes| Maturity Benefit| None| None| Payment of Sum Assured as  per contract during retirement| Premium Refund| None| Refund of Premium as per contract on retirement or completion of term. Payment of surrender value in case of non completion of term| None| Profit Share| Provided to large groups only| None| None| On Payment of Additional Premium 1.Accidental Death Benefit (ADB) 2. Permanent Total Disability (PTD) 3. Permanent Partial Disability (PPT) 4. Dismemberment Benefit (DB) 5. Major Disease Benefit (MDB)| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| | | | | S upplementary Covers: To provide insurance protection against few devastating conditions other than death, and to enhance insurance benefit in case of sudden accidental death, several Supplementary Covers are offered along with basic schemes.Supplementary covers include: * Accidental Death Benefit (ADB): Provides for double sum assured in case of accidental death. * Permanent and Total Disability Benefit (PTD): Provides for full sum assured on happening of defined risks. * Permanent & Partial Disability Benefit (PPD): Provides for certain percentage of the sum assured as per schedule on happening of the defined risks. * Dismemberment Benefit (DB): Provides for a certain percentage of Sum Assured as per schedule on happening of the defined risks. It is only offered with ADB. * Major Disease Benefit (MDB): Provides for 25% or 50% of S. A. upon diagnosis of a few specific life threatening diseases 4. 3. Exclusive Schemes: These are schemes, especially designed for financial institutions , in order to secure their investment and adorn the product to make it attractive to customers as well as to protect interest of the client. Few examples are: * Home Loan Insurance: e. g; Scheme for â€Å"Home Loan Borrowers† of Delta Brac Housing * Depositor's Insurance: e. g; Scheme for â€Å"Smart Plant† Depositors of Dhaka Bank Ltd Premium: For traditional schemes: Premiums are usually payable annually in advance before commencement of insurance. For exclusive schemes: A single premium is payable for the whole period of coverage before commencement of insurance. *Details about the schemes are provided with â€Å"Insurance Proposal† How to get a Group Life Insurance Proposal? For Proposal: fill in the Proposal Request Form and send it to us at our contract address For Quotation: fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to us at our contract address accompanied by the list of members to be insured with following details | | | | | |    Sl#| Name| Designation| Date of Birth| Sum Assured| | | | | | |   |   |   | *If sum assured depends on salary, mention salary and desired multiple to determine Sum Assured Claims are settled to the concerned organization. 4. 4: Health Insurance Health Insurance Health Insurance is now considered indispensable in developed countries.In the present financial-social perspective of Bangladesh as well, Health Insurance has now become an essential, dependable, acceptable and the most cost effective means to make the modern treatment facilities affordable to all socio-economic classes of people, especially the fixed income group. As a pioneer of Health Insurance in Bangladesh, Delta Life Insurance Company offers several Health Insurance Schemes, which are as follows: 4. 4. 1: Hospitalization (In-patient) treatment coverage plans * Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Group)- offered to Members of a group and their dependants (if desired) * Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Individual) – offered to an Individual as well as his or her dependant family members also known as â€Å"DeltaCare Hospitalization Plan†. 4. 4. : Out-patient treatment coverage plans * Out-patient Insurance Plan – Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization * Out-patient Management Plan – Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization 4. 4. 3: Overseas treatment coverage plan for travelers * Overseas Medicliam Policy (OMP) – A pre-requisite for visa application offered only to Individuals traveling abroad. 4. 4. 4: Hospitalization Insurance Plans * Covers in-patient (Hospitalization) treatment expenses of an insured member Expenses Covered under Hospitalization Insurance Plans * Hospital Accommodation * Consultation Fee * Medicine ; Accessories * Medical Investigations * Surgical Operation Ancillary Services like Blood Transfusion, Ambulance Service, Dressing etc. General Features of the Scheme * No need for preliminary Medical Examination during enrolment. * Treat ment coverage round the clock inclusive of Accidents and Emergencies. * Coverage offered to Bangladeshi National as well as resident foreigner. * Treatment at any renowned hospital or clinic by consultant of own choice. * Preferential service at Designated Hospital. * Direct payment of treatment expenses by the company at Designated Hospital. * Reimbursement of expenses for treatment at non-designated hospital. * Membership ID Card for each insured to facilitate preferential services. Option for Maternity Benefit and Overseas Treatment coverage. * Provision for inclusion of Spouse ; Children under the plan. * Provision for inclusion of new member under the plan. * Coverage up to 65 years under Group HI ; 60 years under Individual HI plan. * Two types of plans with several benefit grades to choose from. * Option to choose more than one grade according to status of the members of a group. * Option to alter benefit grade during renewal. Exclusion from Coverage: Major Exclusions include * Congenital infirmity * Pre-existing condition for certain period * Psychiatric disorders and narcotic addiction * Attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury * Dental Treatment Pre or post hospitalization expenses and out patient treatment expenses * War risk, civil commotion or violence * Routine health checkup * Treatment for family planning purpose, contraception and infertility 4. 4. 5: Group Hospitalization Insurance Plans Types of plan offered: Standard Plan: Distinctive Hospitalization Insurance Plan of Delta Life Customized Plan: Tailored to the need and desire of the client. Standard Plan: Five Grades of benefits are offered under standard plan to choose from Benefit per Hospitalization| Benefit Grades| Mastercare| Supercare| Deluxcare| Exclusivecare| Royalcare| Max. Benefit (Each Insured Per Year)| Tk. 25,000| Tk. 45,000| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 100,000| Tk. 140,000| Hospital Stay (Maximum days)| 10| 12| 15| 18| 20| Room Rent (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount Per Day)| T k. 500| Tk. 1,000| Tk. 1,500| Tk. 1,800| Tk. 2,000| Consultation Fee (Actual Fee upto a Maximum Amount Per Visit ; One Visit Daily)| Tk. 300| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Routine Investigations (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Tk. 1,000| Tk. 1,200| Tk. 1,400| Tk. 1,600| Tk. 2,000| Medicines ; Accessories (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| In Case of Surgical Treatment| Tk. 2,000| Tk. 4,000| Tk. 6,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| In Case of Conservative Treatment| Tk. ,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,500| Tk. 15,000| Tk. 18,000| Surgery (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Major Intermediate| Tk. 12,000| Tk. 14,000| Tk. 16,000| Tk. 20,000| Tk. 22,000| Charges included for Surgeon, Assistant, Operation Theater ; Anaesthesia| Tk. 6,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,000| Tk. 15,000| Ancillary Services (80% of Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Tk. 2,000| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,000| Premium (For each insured per year) based on Age Attained (in Years) Benefit Grades| Master care| Super care| Delux care| Exclusive care| Royal care| 18 to 35 Years| Employee| Tk. 600| Tk. 1,080| Tk. ,535| Tk. 1,920| Tk. 3,360| Spouse| Tk. 510| Tk. 920| Tk. 1,310| Tk. 1,630| Tk. 2,855| 35+ to 45 Years| Employee| Tk. 750| Tk. 1,350| Tk. 1,795| Tk. 2,160| Tk. 3,780| Spouse| Tk. 635| Tk. 1,145| Tk. 1,520| Tk. 1,835| Tk. 3,210| 45+ to 50 Years| Employee| Tk. 1,050| Tk. 1,890| Tk. 2,300| Tk. 2,640| Tk. 4,620| Spouse| Tk. 895| Tk. 1,605| Tk. 1,955| Tk. 2,245| Tk. 3,930| 50+ to 55 Years| Employee| Tk. 1,500| Tk. 2,700| Tk. 3,060| Tk. 3,360| Tk. 5,880| Spouse| Tk. 1,275| Tk. 2,295| Tk. 2,605| Tk. 2,855| Tk. 4,995| 55+ to 60 Years| Employee| Tk. 2,100| Tk. 3,780| Tk. 4,075| Tk. 4,320| Tk. 7,560| Spouse| Tk. 1,785| Tk. 3,215| Tk. 3,420| Tk. ,670| Tk. 6,425| 60+ to 65 Years| Employee| Tk. 3,150| Tk. 5,670| Tk. 6,113| Tk. 6,480| Tk. 11,340| Spouse| Tk. 2,678| Tk. 4,823| Tk. 5,130| Tk. 5,505| Tk. 9,683| Each Child (Below 25 Years)| Tk. 510| Tk. 920| Tk . 1,310| Tk. 1,630| Tk. 2,855| Maternity Benefit (Maximum Amount as per Benefit Schedule above) Benefit Grades| Mastercare| Supercare| Deluxcare| Exclusivecare| Royalcare| Normal Delivery| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 7,500| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,500| Tk. 15,000| Caesarian Delivery| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 15,000| Tk. 20,000| Tk. 25,000| Tk. 30,000| For Maternity Benefit, an Extra Premium @40% shall be charged on the Basic Premium of the beneficiary groupGroup Discount Schedule| Size of Group| Size of Group| Uo to 100| Uo to 100| 101 – 500| 101 – 500| 501 – 1000| 501 – 1000| 1001 – 2000| 1001 – 2000| 2001 ; Above| 2001 ; Above| No Claim Discount Schedule| No Claim Years| Discount on Renewal Premium| One Year| 10%| Two Consecutive Years| 20%| Three Consecutive Years| 30%| | | | | | | | | | | | | VAT if imposed by government, shall have to be paid by the organization concerned. N. B. For large groups a â€Å"fixed premium rate† irrespective of the age is offere d upon recieving the list of members to be insured. Customized Plan Benefit Schedule ; Premium Rate * Benefits desired has to be provided by the client A â€Å"fixed premium rate† irrespective of age is offered on receipt of the list of members to be insured. How to get a Group Hospitalization Insurance Proposal? * For Proposal: Fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to our contact address.. * For Quatation: Fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to our contact address accompanied by the list of members to be insured with following details. Sl#| Name| Date of Birth| *Status| Benefit Grade| | | | | | *Status means rank of an employee or his relationship with dependant (spouse/children) Individual Hospitalization Insurance Plan * Bengali Leaflet * Proposal Form Overseas Mediclaim Policy (OMP)This is a distinctive Health Insurance Policy issued to travelers only. It is also a pre-requisite for Visa application of developed countries. The Policy is issued to Bangladeshi Nationals and Foreigners resident in Bangladesh Overseas Mediclaim Policy issued by Delta Life is universally accepted by all foreign Embassies and High Commissions in Bangladesh. Types of Policy * Plan A: For visiting any Country of the World (except USA ; Canada) * Plan B: For visiting all Countries of the World Coverage under both Plan A ; Plan B exceeds â‚ ¬30,000 EURO Key Features of the Policy * Age Limit : Policy issued to Individuals from the age of 6 months to 65 years. Nationality: Policy issued to Bangladeshi and Foreigner Resident in Bangladesh * Covered Expenses: Treatment expenses incurred for sudden and unexpected illness or accident while on tour abroad. * Maximum Benefit: * Plan A: US $50,000 (Fifty Thousand US Dollar) * Plan B: US $100,000 (One Hundred Thousand US Dollar) How to take out an â€Å"Overseas Mediclaim Policy† * Fill in a â€Å"Proposal Form†. * Attach photocopy of the first five pages of the passport * Enclose required amount of premium in cash as per â€Å"Premium Rate Chart†. Send those these to Health Insurance Department at the Head office of Delta Life *Physical presence or Photograph of proposer is not required. *it takes only about 30 minutes to get an Overseas Mediclaim Policy. â€Å"Proposal Form† is also available at Head Office and Agency Offices of Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. d

Constant head permeability Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constant head permeability - Lab Report Example Permeability as defined above is the capacity of sample of soil to allow the passage of water through it. It is also referred to as hydraulic conductivity. The coefficient of permeability is the velocity of flow that is generated by the hydraulic gradient of unity as stipulated by Darcy’s law which is given by the formula: 6. The tamping device is then used to compact the soil layer. About 10 rams per layer are recommended in order to provide a uniform coverage of the surface of the soil. The process should be repeated until the soil layer is within the range of 2 cm. 10. The bottom of the outlet valve is opened and raised to a given height in order to achieve a reasonable steady flow of water. Enough time should be allowed for the pattern of flow of the water to stabilize. 11. The time taken to fill a volume of 750-1000 ml using the graduated cylinder and the temperatures of the water recorded. This process is repeated three times and the average time, volume and average temperature computed. From the foregoing, it is clear that the value of the coefficient of permeability has been determined using the constant head test and found to be 0.2333 cm/s. as indicated earlier that the constant head test is appropriate for permeability’s of soils where k>10 – 4 cm/s, this has been proven to be consistent with the results obtained. Constant Head Permeability Test in Sand, University of Texas at Arlington Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory Test Procedure. Retrieved from: http://www.uta.edu/ce/geotech/lab/Main/Soil%20Lab/08_Permeability/permeability_lecture%20note.pdf. Accessed on 15th April

British Airways and Virgin Atlantic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Airways and Virgin Atlantic - Essay Example Ownership of many airline companies is shifting from government to private hands British Airways (BA) is a leader in airline industry which carries more than 27 millions passengers a year. This company obtains strong market position maintaining high standards of performance. It becomes possible because of improvements and innovation strategy provided by the company recent years. BA delivers scheduled passenger services which accounted for approximately 83% of all its operations. It is flying to over 550 destinations, and a fleet of 340 aircraft. "Its mainline fleet also currently includes 7 Concordes, 71 Boeing 747s, 38 Boeing 777s, 21 Boeing 767s, 48 Boeing 757s, 83 Airbus A318/319/320s in service or on order, and 52 Boeing 737s" (British Airways: Short description 2001). As airline industry becomes mature, BA has focused on market share and how it can be gained. Contracting out of services including aircraft handling, ticketing, baggage handling to third parties are the main difference between BA and other companies. The company employs about 65,157 people. Th e company offers four classes of service: World Traveller (Economy Class) and World Traveller Plus (Premium Economy), Club World (Business Class) and FIRST (First Class) (British Airways: Short description 2001). Virgin Atlantic is also a UK-based company operatin... Virgin Atlantic Virgin Atlantic is also a UK-based company operating on the market since 1982. It attracts its customers by exceptional service and standards. It is the second largest UK carrier and the third largest European airline. The marketing strategy applied by Virgin Atlantic is essentially a matching process between the needs and expectations of customers, and the organization's ability and capacity to satisfy them. For this matching process to take place successfully, Virgin Atlantic understands who is the customer and what value is required, and how best to deliver this value on a sustainable basis in line with the organization's overall corporate objectives. The company proposes three classes of service: Economy, Premium Economy and Upper Class. It invested in development of customer service in order to optimize performance and deliver customer satisfaction. (Virgin Atlantic. Students Information Pack. 2006) Approaches to Marketing Both companies are dynamically evolving entities operating within a dynamically evolving environment influenced by political changes and economic fluctuations: fuel prices, trade union policies and terrorist attacks. For BA and Virgin Atlantic marketing depends upon effective marketing system. Both companies employ different approaches to marketing and a business philosophy to sustain strong position of the market and compete with each other (Johnson, Scholes, 1998). Marketing Mix Product (Service) BA business philosophy includes reward strategies and insensitive schemes for regular passengers with free flights and services. The main target group of BA under this program is Business Class and First Class passengers. In

Electric Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electric Cars - Research Paper Example The company has completed designing the car but wants to increase its output. A rise in output can only be afforded, if the company makes a commercial plan that would help to market the product and make it a leading vehicle in the current competitive industry. The context of this research paper would capture the various details about the product, industry, potential market applications, challengers, risks and path of commercialization that would be useful for the company to make its product acceptable in the market. Product Description An electric car is an eco friendly car that runs with the help of an electric motor or battery stored electrical energy. The electric motors in such cars help to generate torque, thereby giving smooth and strong acceleration to such modern vehicles. Such cars emit less air impurities because they do not discharge tailpipe pollutants. Some electric cars are also powered by solar energy or gasoline, these cars are known as solar and hybrid cars respectively (Westbrook, 2001). Prototype Status The research paper concentrates on a four seating electric car. The car is produced by a Canadian automobile company and its manufacturing division is in Ontario. The car fully runs with electricity and comprises of all the features that a modern car should contain. However, the car is required to be charged every time its cell energy diminishes. The company manufactures only 75 cars per month at present but the figure is expected to augment up to 200 cars per month by 2014. Intellectual Property Status The intellectual property rights are legal rights that are catered to the automobile firms for discovering a new design of a vehicle. Such rights ensure that the state of technology or blueprint newly invented by a company is not copied by any other firm in the industry. A trademark can only be used by a Canadian company according to the norms of Canada. Thus, it is obvious that the Canadian electric car manufacturing firm will possess a trademark that would protect its product from forgery (WIPO, 2013). Industry Analysis Definition of your industry The automobile industry is an industry that comprises a large pool of organizations and companies. Such companies are engaged in designing, selling, manufacturing, marketing and developing motor cycles, mopeds, towed vehicles and motor vehicles. It is a long established business segment since 1890’s. Working and Prospects of the Industry Automobile industry is considered as one of the most important ind ustry in the current global economic system in terms of revenue. The biggest strength of the industry is its diversity; there are infinite companies that participate in automobile manufacturing. The industry stands 3rd in the Fortune 500 list and

Parenting Model Metaphor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Parenting Model Metaphor - Essay Example In a game of chess, to be able to win, a player must move the right piece at the right time. That also happens in parenting. When parents want their children to behave well, they need to send the right message at the right time to them. Children are very sensitive sometimes. Parents might feel a short message or an unexplained order is enough to control their children’s behavior. The children, on the other hand, might think that the short unexplainable message means that they are not needed or that they are not loved. Taking time to help the children understand what happens around them, what is expected from them, and what will happen if they do that is very crucial for parents to make them understand and, more importantly, feel appreciated. (Chapter 12) A game of chess is played step by step. In this game, it is impossible to move all the pieces at the same time without disrupting the rule. At most, in special occasions, the player can only move two pieces in the same turn. This is also true in parenting. Parents-children relationship cannot be built in a day. Their trust is built through simple and continuous daily interactions. Parents, even mothers, cannot expect their children to completely accept them trustfully from the very first day. Children, especially infants, will grow closer and more attached when the parents keep showing their affections through loving and caring contacts like when these parents change their diapers, feed them, comfort them, or talk to them. (Chapter 12) A chess player indeed needs to capture the opponent’s chess king to win the game. However, it doesn’t mean that the player should forget his/her own chess king. He/She must guard the king carefully so that the opponent is unable to capture it. Does this defense also apply in parenting? Yes, it does. Promoting and keeping guard of a secure attachment with their children should be a major goal of all good parents. Parents who are

Technologies for Killing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technologies for Killing People - Essay Example Gas weapons, small arms, large guns and weapons of mass destruction are reported to be used more these days. The most lethal and most enigmatic use of technology or biological weaponries is considered to be the use of Zyklon B and other gases in concentration camps of Auschwitz by Germans during the World War II. Zyklon B is actually the German name for a gas called Cyclone B which is a cyanide based pesticide. The Nazi Germans used this gas to kill Jews in the concentration camps of Auschwitz during the holocaust which took 6 million lives of German, Polish and Russian Jews. The chambers in which the Jews were held to be killed by the insertion of Zyklon gas were of two, i.e. the first type of chambers was used for delousing clothes and the other one was utilized for killing Jews on a large scale. The later chambers were also called extermination chambers. Zyklon B is prepared from the extraction of hydrogen cyanide which is also called prussic acid. Before the usage of Zyklon B by Germans, it was used for fumigation purposes in farms where vegetables, fruits and grains are cultivated. Zyklon B is an effective pesticide, which is considered to be carry9ing clouds of Hydrocyanic Acid within each granule1. Germans used Zyklon B in a pallet or diskette form which was thrown into the sealed chambers where hundreds of human beings were held to kill at a time. The pallets were inserted into the room from small windows after which the windows were sealed and a team of physicians used to wait outside the chambers for 20 minutes, in order to ensure that every living organism inside the room is dead. While describing the gassing of Jews from Zyklon B, Hans Stark, the then leader of Western Infantry of German Army, described that when Zyklon B granules were poured into a gas chamber where around 225 Jews were held, the prisoners first started to cry out loud from the fear of death. After 20 to 25 minutes, the voices inside the gas chamber were vanished; this was a hint t hat every living organism inside the chamber is dead2. Beside Zyklon B, other gases were also utilized by Germans to kill their enemies. When the Great War broke up, poison gases were use as an alternative to machine guns and tanks. It is estimated that the largest number of fatalities took place during the World War II were caused by poison gases such as Phosgene and Chlorine. The first world in particular, has been popular as â€Å"The Chemists’ War†. Germans were of the view that gases and chemicals are a better weapon as compare to guns, crafts and tanks, as they kill those enemies as well who are hiding in corners and hinges. Although the process of killing a human being with the help of gases was slow but Germans were persistent that these gases will give more pain to human and will cause psychological defeat to the enemies’ camps. Since the use of Zyklon B, there are numerous chemical weaponries that were developed by human beings to kill other humans. An thrax is another deadly virus or bacteria, which have claimed thousands of lives not only in the modern era and its roots go deep into the usage of the bacteria during the World War II. Anthrax is not only used to kill human beings but it is also considered deadly for the animals. Anthrax

Research paper feelings repression through sex and other addictions

Feelings repression through sex and other addictions based on the love in the time of cholera. character analysis - Research Paper Example This particular work of Marquez has been declared an eccentric love story where the lovers unite at the end of novel around 51 years and 9 months later when they are in the last stage of their life. Florentino Ariza, the main character, has been portrayed as an obsessive lover who vows to stay faithful to Fermina Daza but indulges into a spree of sexual encounters with hundreds of women. This paper aims at proving that Florentino’s countless affairs were an escape route and his method of suppressing the repressed feelings and void that he felt after being rejected by Fermina. Love in the Time of Cholera’s story revolves around the couple Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza who fall in love during their early teens but eventually get separated because Fermina choses to marry a more suitable match Dr. Juvenal Urbino (Pelayo 135). The backdrop of the setting and location has been kept a mystery in the novel and the only aspect that is revealed is that the country is plagued by Cholera. In this way, the author has compared love to a disease that like any other illness can have a drastic impact on an individual if the feelings are not welcomed and respected. Florentino Ariza can be easily categorized as a hypocrite and a liar since he vows for â€Å"eternal fidelity and everlasting love† to Fermina despite his countless affairs but actually he is a heart-broken man who sought to mend his heart through love (Marquez 50). Sex, in this novel, is not used in its erotic concept but symbolizes a medicine which Florentino used to overcome his pain that Fermina’s rejection and eventual marriage caused to him. It is the struggle to eliminate the feelings of void, loneliness, loss and pain that overcome the otherwise faithful and devoted personality of Florentino (Fahy 23). The treatment of love as a disease becomes clear when Florentino falls in love with Fermina and the symptoms of both the disease and love match. â€Å"His examination revealed th at he had no fever, no pain anywhere, and that his only concrete feeling was an urgent desire to die† and these were declared as† so much as the devastation of cholera† (Marquez 62). Here the term devastation is important to acknowledge since at another point later in the novel, Florentino states that he and Fermina fell into â€Å"devastating love† (Marquez 68). This shows the author’s intention of presenting love as a form of plague or disease which if not treated timely can produce unfavorable results or compel a person to behave in a drastic manner. When Marquez compares love with cholera, he attempted to present sex and addiction to love as a cure or healing mechanism for Florentino due to which he was able to survive (Koenig 131). Getting involved with other women was his way of taking refuge from the otherwise painful scenario where his love Fermina was enjoying a blissful married life with her husband while he had to suffer in solitude. The no vel Love in the Time of Cholera is set in an era when cholera was actually a â€Å"devastating disease that had no regard for color and background† (Panisset 125). Therefore, the similarity shared by love and a disease like cholera is explicitly narrated by Marquez. Just like Urbino was trying to find the cure for cholera in the same way Florentino’s obsession towards women shows his search for the cure of his heartache. Florentino is a character who is deeply in love with Ferm

Corporate Environmental Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Corporate Environmental Reporting - Essay Example The stakeholders have been under utter confusion with regard to the information contained in the reports. Naturally, an expectation gap exists between the users (stakeholders) and preparers of environmental reports. At this juncture, a study is relevant as to examine whether there is any such expectation gap is present or not. The present study, therefore, attempts to examine the difference in the perception of preparers and users of environmental reports in the U.K. The study is carried out as an exploratory research by suing sample survey. An extensive preliminary research has been undertaken so as to acquire a basic knowledge of the unexplored area. The study heavily relies on primary data and data are collected directly from the respondents using two sets of well structured questionnaire. An interview schedule is also prepared to collect data. The population for the study comprises of two sets of professionals, namely chartered accountants and chief accounting officials of 200 ma nufacturing firms in the U.K. Naturally, the sample size of the survey comes to 400 put together. The data collected are edited, coded and analyzed to arrive at meaningful conclusions and generalizations. Because of the increased emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) the world over, corporations are obliged to present the information about the fulfillment of their duties towards various stakeholders including society... Corporations across the globe have accepted CSR as an effective tool for sustainable development and high financial performance. To communicate and share the information about what the corporations have done in respect of CSR is made possible through what is popularly known as Environmental Reporting (ER). In a broad sense, environmental reporting is known by various nomenclatures such as Corporate Social Reporting, Triple Bottom Line Reporting etc. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines Environmental Reporting as "public reports by companies to provide internal and external stakeholders with a picture of the corporate position and activities on economic, environmental and social dimensions". It is taken as a means to publicly demonstrate organizations' commitment to environmental obligations and to disseminate information on their environmental performance and initiatives. In most of the countries, environmental reporting has not been made mandatory, but corporations take it as obligation on their part to fulfill the information needs of the various stakeholders by preparing various reports in an appropriate manner. In the developed countries like the U.K and the U.S., it is being widely established and applied by big as well as small organizations. As per the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines, following are the principles of environmental reporting. - Transparency; - Accuracy; - Clarity; - Inclusiveness and completeness; - Verifiability and auditability; - Timeliness; - Relevance to the concerns of stakeholders; - Comparability (to facilitate comparison over time and between organizations); and, - Neutrality Since the emergence

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business Essay

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business tenants) - Essay Example Different set of questionnaire were sent to tenants, landlords, solicitors and letting agents. The survey of the landlords, letting agents and solicitors were framed as representing an investigation into their overall activity rather than transaction specific questions. In the case of property research a mixed method of analysis of secondary data and survey and questionnaire method is often employed to conduct the research. Through the analysis of the secondary data the research would be able to get the numerical data for the completion of the empirical studies relating to the study, while the interviews and surveys bring out the qualitative aspects of the subject under study. In property researches meaningful results can be obtained only when the researcher combines quantitative data and qualitative information in his studies. In order to achieve the research objectives of ascertaining the impact of quantitative variations and to identify the salient features of different market mechanisms on the impact of the subject under study the adoption of mixed research methods is the appropriate suggestion. For instance in the study Corsby et al (2006) the interviews and surveys combined with the data provided by IPD made the research meaningful and gave precise answers to the research questions. Property Research Studies are not only used for Instrumental purposes to Underpin policy, but should also have a Normative Purpose Basically a clear and concise knowledge of the ontological and epistemological assumptions that explain the research studies and the process of research is necessary to (i) understand the interrelationship of research methodology and methods, (ii) avoid the resulting confusion on discussions relating to theoretical debates and approaches to social phenomena and (iii) be able to have a complete recognition of one's own and also others' position with respect to the issues related to the study (Jonathan Grix). The achieving of the above objectives along with the other objective of fully grasping the directional relationship of key components of the research process logically substantiates the view that the research studies are to have a normative purpose in addition to the instrumental purpose. It is important that the research studies encompass a normative approach so that the logical, directional relationship between the key components of research is clearly understood. Unless the normative purpose is taken into account, the quantitative data may not show the impact and influence of the questions the researcher is asking and also the type of project the research has undertaken to study. It is also not possible that a research may begin with the inference on any of the quantitative data at any stage. The researcher cannot first choose the research method and work backwards through the methodology to achieve his/her research objectives. By taking into account the normative purpose the researcher is allowed to follow a method-led approach to the research study than a question-led research. This makes the research questions point towards the most fitting research method. Unless a normative approach is followed the logic of interconnectedness between the key

The Most Damnable Invention Essay Example for Free

The Most Damnable Invention Essay Dynamite is a high explosive that derives its power from a chemical called nitroglycerin and which used diatomaceous earth as its absorbent. Dynamite was invented by Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in 1866 and was then patented in 1867. Dynamite has a wide range of uses; from building demolitions to warfare and death. It was that last characteristic of dynamite that worried Nobel the most. Initially, Nobel thought that the invention of dynamite would end the possibility of future wars and possible foes would see the destructive force of dynamite and it would serve as enough of a deterrent to the point that wars would be outlawed in favor of common sense. This would not be the reality of the invention as warring countries sought new and more effective ways in which to vanquish their enemies to such a degree that the destructive forces of dynamite would be forever linked to Alfred Nobel. Nobel sought to change his epitaph from the minister of death as one French newspaper put it when confusing the death of his brother with his own. Nobel formed the Nobel Peace Prize in order to encourage peaceful and useful contributions to the human race in a personal attempt to be able to say that he too, was a force for good, despite the misuse by society, of his invention. But to say that the invention and use of dynamite has affected history, there is no doubt. In contemporary society however dynamite is used in a much more productive and peaceful way. The inventor of dynamite, Alfred Nobel, was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm Sweden. Nobel gained his fortune, not only in the invention of dynamite but also through his income as a chemist, engineer as well as the owner of a major manufacturing plant. Nobel, devoted himself to the study of explosives and especially the sale and manufacturing of nitroglycerine which had incidentally, only been discovered a few years earlier in 1847 by Asanio Sobrero, a fellow attending student at the University of Torino. Nobel would continue to be fascinated by explosions and continued to learn everything that he could about the science that surrounded it. In 1865, Nobel built the Alfred Nobel Co. Factory near Hamburg, Germany. However, it was in this factory where dynamite claimed its first casualty. This fascination would lead to an explosion that would kill Nobel’s own brother Emil in 1864. But only two short years later, Nobel was credited with the invention of dynamite and was given a patent for it in 1867. Nobel would establish factories in the United States, France and Germany as well as continue to spread his influence into his home country of Sweden. But it would be his invention of dynamite that he would be remembered for, at least while he was alive, as a force of death and destruction, an impediment to a peaceful world. And it was an association that he did not find entirely flattering. But for the time being, Nobel and the rest of the world, was forced to confront the new and threatening power of destruction that dynamite had while in the possession of the wrong people. Nobel said of his invention: â€Å"My factories may make an end to war sooner than you congresses. The day when two armies corps can annihilate each other in one second, all civilized nations, it is to be hoped, will recoil from war and discharge their troops. † If only that prediction came to fruition, there would have been a lot less victims of man’s hate and desire for destruction which, for a time, was the primary use of dynamite. The use of dynamite, upon its inception, had a wide variety of uses as more and more people looked for ways in which it could benefit themselves. After the invention of dynamite in 1867, dynamite, or as it was originally marketed as : Nobel’s Blasting Powder, rapidly gained popularity. It was marketed as a safe alternative to the explosiveness of gun powder while still being just as lethal if not more. Very quickly, Nobel could see the destructive force of his invention and kept a tight lid on his invention. However, United States business men, who were able to alter the chemical formula just enough so that they could get around the restrictions that Nobel’s patent once provided. In America, the use of dynamite would be used in order top promote sinister motives that left the entire country suspicious of the invention and which helped to increase the backlash of public opinion towards Alfred Nobel. Dynamite consists of 75% nitroglycerin, 24% diatomaceous earth and a small mixture of sodium carbonate. These mixtures are formed into sticks and wrapped into paper. The fact that dynamite is by itself a very explosive substance as well as the fact that its chemical make up can be broken down very easily over time which compromises the stability of its form. Over time, the dynamite will back into nitroglycerine which will then pool at the bottom of a storage area, thus creating a potentially damaging situation. The transportation of dynamite is very dangerous and can cause intentional or unintentional harm to a large number of victims in a wide area of space surrounding the explosion of the dynamite. In American History, there are two famous events where the use of dynamite made it possible for anarchists to promote their twisted ideology. The first was the 1888 Haymarket Square in Chicago Illinois. During the 1870’s and 1880’s. Chicago was a leading center for union activism as workers tried to organize and pool their collected influence. In 1886, labor unions were calling for a one day strike and a demonstration in Chicago. Their demands were for better working conditions and an eight hour work day. On May 1st, at the McCormick Center, two shootings and one death occurred during a riot. Three days later, a mass demonstration was organized on Haymarket Square. The mayor of Chicago sent an extra number of police which used excessive force and another riot broke out. As a result, an explosion, packed with dynamite was thrown from somewhere in the crowd. The name of the offender was not known. What was known was the fact that seven police officers died and four offenders, self proclaimed anarchists, were tried and two were hung. The bigger picture that the use of dynamite produced a wider influence than first thought. The use of dynamite helped to bring the entire establishment against the ideas of the Progressives with regard to their desire to improve their working conditions. Deep rooted fears that the country had regarding sinister elements were now proved to be correct in the minds of many Americans. However, the Haymarket Square Riot did help to organize the call among labor leaders to continue to fight the employers. Even though many of the Progressive leaders did not condone the use of violence, and even though it was not known for sure who was responsible for the throwing of the dynamite bomb, it was assumed that it was almost certainly, a member of the pro labor union forces. â€Å"However, what was seen as excessive force by the police, seemed to almost condone the actions in the minds of the most radical labor leaders. † As a result, the labor movement in Chicago and in New York specifically, gained momentum and within the next few decades, the Progressive Movement would see a surge in their influence, not only on the streets and in the factories, but also in Congress as well. This was not entirely a result of the Haymarket Square but in Chicago, in 1894, the second largest labor strike occurred in the 19th century at the Pullman Car Company on the south side of Chicago. No dynamite was used in this demonstration but many of the workers used for their motivation, the events at Haymarket Square. The second is the 1920 bombing of the Wall Street Building in downtown Manhattan. There was a feeling of suspicion among the country at that time that was prompted by a unmistakable xenophobia. Socialists groups had gained in converts and influence yet there has been no show of force until one day, in a New York City Post office, sixteen packages, addressed to prominent Senators and Congressmen and which contained: â€Å" enough dynamite to blow a man’s head off† were discovered and which confirmed deeply suspicions feelings about the anarchists within the city and their desire for revolution, the same that had occurred in Russia only three years earlier. Neither events had the desired result of anarchy that the perpetrators had hoped for. Nevertheless, it would not be long until another attempt was made to create panic to the financial and districts of America On a warm May late morning in 1920, a horse drawn wagon pulled up to the corner of Wall Street. It was a few minutes before lunch and people were getting ready to head out onto the May afternoon to eat their lunch. A large explosion occurred and the wagon was full of dynamite as well as thousands of sash weights that dug into the stone of the Wall Street buildings; the financial capital of the country. Forty people were killed and the horse had become completely disintegrated. The stock market did not close that day however and the Dow continued to rise as one of the most exciting decades the stock market had ever seen to date was officially under way. But the destructive potential of dynamite has not been restricted only to the United States and only in the distant past. In Ireland, with bombings occurring almost weekly in the 1970’s and 1980’s the deathly potential of dynamite came to the front door of the United Kingdom. There has been civil unrest in Ireland for hundreds of years as Ireland fought to gain their independence from England. When Ireland gained her independence in 1921, twenty six out of a total of thirty two counties were made their own country, independent from England. The Protestant minority, which had centralized herself in the six most Northern counties of Ireland and not wanting to lose the little influence that they had by being outnumbered and overpowered by the Catholic majority, voted to keep their allegiance to England. And a Northern Ireland, with their own currency and independent from the lower twenty six counties, remained separate. This has been fought over since 1921 but came to a head in the 1970’s and 1980’s as increased pressure to unite Ireland was coming from the political wing of Ireland Sinn Fein and their leader Gerry Adams and Martin McGinness. In the same way that Middle Eastern terrorists use violent means in order to further their cause, Sinn Fein did the same as well. It is estimated that since the Bloody Sunday Massacre on January 30, 1972 until present day, more than three thousand people, with the vast majority being innocent civilians, have been killed through bombings by the IRA and Sinn Fein and in response by the Ulster Unionists who are associated to Northern Ireland and the continuation of a separate Ireland. These terrorists would use as their weapon of choice for these bombings, dynamite. With much of it being illegally shipped by Omar Kadafe, who was sympathetic about Ireland’s plight of uniting their country and approved of its measures to achieve its goal, sent thousands of pounds of nitroglycerine as well as other materials that are used to make dynamite. Hundreds of sticks of dynamite along with a large arsenal of guns and other forms of weaponry accompanied each shipment. The targets for these bombings would usually be social settings: restaurants and pubs where it was assured that dozens of unsuspecting patrons would meet their deaths. However, the result of hundreds of these bombings throughout Ireland has actually resulted in the opposite desired effect. The IRA and Sinn Fein are considered to be on the fringe of society and the rightness of their cause, as seen through the hunger strike of Bobby Sands, an MP, has been lost. And even though Britain’s influence within Northern Ireland has decreased in the past years and peace agreement after peace agreement has been ignored by both sides, it becomes increasingly unlikely that there will ever be a united Ireland in the immediate or distant future. This is because it is now seen that recons illation by either side will, in effect, make the deaths of the thousands of victims on both sides, now be considered null and void. In this effect, the use of dynamite greatly decreased the likelihood that a true and lasting peace would ever come to Ireland. If dynamite has never been invented, there still would have been troubles in Ireland among the Catholics and Protestants and between Unionists and the IRA but the number of deaths, and therefore, the number of hurdles that would need to be overcome in order to obtain a lasting peace, would have been a mere shadow of the reality that is now facing Ireland’s peace process today. In this respect, every lover of peace and brotherhood, not only in Ireland but throughout the world, has come to regret the day that dynamite had been invented. It served as an unmistakable impediment for that portion of the world. However, there have been found some positive uses of dynamite. In the United States today, the uses of dynamite are as such: â€Å"Coal mining 67%, non metal mining 14% metal mining, 10% construction 7% and miscellaneous 3%. † At the end of the 19th century and into the 20th, coal was the country’s primary source for fuel. In order to get the coal out of the earth, dynamite blasting was required. As a result, more dynamite meant easier travel by way of ship and train which used as their chief form of fuel: coal. The shipping industry as well as the railroad which served as the number one form of cross country transportation and was second in use only to the mass transit system of the major cities, used coal as their use of fuel. Without dynamite, coal still could and was retrieved from the ground but at a snail’s pace compared to the rate that it extracted from the earth today. This has wide ranging implications and is one use of dynamite which was to the benefit of the masses. In this way, the correct and responsible use of dynamite was used to better the lives of millions of people over the decades. The importance of dynamite on the world stage has diminished from its zenith in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Dynamite has now been replaced by safer alternatives but is still used in coal mining. And with America’s push away from Middle eastern independence through their oil supply, many people are pointing to the abundance of American coal. In that respect, the importance of dynamite on the world stage might return. For the most part, contemporary societies have come to share the vision that Alfred Nobel had for his invention. However, as long as people seek to further their ideas in violent measures, dynamite still serves an attractive tool in that motive. Nuclear Weapons, bigger guns and other forms of chemical warfare have replaced the use dynamite in war. Nobel was too unrealistic about the depravity of man to think that dynamite’s destructive potential would be abandoned in favor of more peaceful measures. But with every invention that increases an army’s ability to kill, it is said that this will now outlaw war. But that has yet to happen. However, since dynamite is no longer seen as the most effective tool in warfare, its uses can now be concentrated more on its useful abilities and continue to aid in the welfare of man; Nobel’s original intent. WORKS CITED Birney, E. The Effectiveness of Dynamite. www. nchi. mlm. nih. gov. Sanger Centre Cambridge February 21, 2006 Burns, Ric The History of New York. New York: PBS Video. 1999 Bown, Stephen, The Most Damnable Invention. New York: St. Martin’s Press. 2005 Commanger, Henry Steele. Documents of American History. New York: Century Publishers. 1947 Perry, John. Endgame in Ireland. New York: PBS Video. 2001 Elistone, Mary. The Haymarket Square Riot. Chicago: University of Chicago Law Review. 1993 Marcazee, Joseph. The Use of Dynamite in History. New York: The American Journal of American History. 1999. nobelprize. org/Alfred_nobel

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year How will the company maximize its profits (or minimize losses) its first year, while it is a monopoly firm? Give concrete examples by referring to the cottages, restaurant and ferry. What advantages does it have in its first year and how can it maximize profits? What are the risks associated with this strategy? In the first year the firm would be a monopoly firm as there is no existing firm in the market dealing with the vacation destination on Partridge Island. It provides rent services for cottages, restaurants and ferry. Being a monopoly firm it has two choices available first one is to decide how much quantity is to be sold and the other one is the decision about the price to be charged. An important thing is that a monopolist can either decide quantity to be sold or the price to be charged, but not both the price and quantity simultaneously. If this firm take a decision about price then the quantity sold will be decided by the market. If given firm decides about the quantity to be sold then the price will be decided the market forces. In order to maximize profits or minimize losses the firm will produce at a level at which its marginal costs are equal to its marginal revenues. Level of output is determined by the intersection of these two curves. To take decision about the prices and q uantities monopolist will have to use the data on market demand and prices, and will supplement this data with the costs faced by monopolist. This firm will charge a price which is far higher than the marginal economic costs as there is no danger of losing customers. The firm is price maker in this case and has a complete control over prices as being a single provider of cottages, restaurants and ferry on Partridge Island. There is no perfect substitute available in the market therefore the firm will try a charge a maximum possible price. In order to maximize the total profits the firm will have to carefully analyse the demand structure for cottages, restaurants and ferry, separately. Maximum rent will be charged for a service that has most in elastic demand. In elastic demand ensures that consumer will go to avail the services of this firm even at high prices. On the other hand comparatively low rent will be charged for a service having more elastic demand. In this way among the three departments of cottages, restaurants and ferry, the rent will be determined by the firm keeping in view the motive of profit maximization. As far as the determination of rent is considered costs play very important role. It is possible to decrease the rent in the department which is having favorable cost structure as compared to the other departments of the firm. It is often observed that a monopoly firm usually earns ab normal profits both in the long run and short run but is also possible for a monopolist firm to experience losses. In case of losses firm will try to minimize the costs being faced by doing so the difference between revenue and costs will be decreased and thus the losses. The following year, a new business enters the market and provides cottages, restaurant and ferry. What strategies will you recommend so your client continues to maximize its profits now that it is in a oligopoly? What are the risks associated with these strategies In the following year when a new business enter the market, it will lead to completely change the market structure from monopoly to oligopoly, as there are two firms now competing with each other. In such circumstances there are two possibilities for these competing firms. First one is that these two firms will keep competing with each other by indulging themselves into price and non-price competitions. The other possibility is that they will come at an agreement and will form a cartel. The cartel will serve to increase the profits for both the firms. This is due to the fact that if they keep competing then they will have to lower down the prices which will in turn reduce profits of both and they will come at a level at which profit is quite lower than the monopoly profits. On the other hand if they form a cartel then they will be able to enjoy the monopoly powers. These two firms will have complete control over the price and quantity and will be able to charge a higher price as now there is no substitute available for the services provided by this cartel. Cartel is referred to a formal and explicit agreement between two or more competing firms which is aimed to generate the monopoly powers for the firms in order to raise the levels of profit. In this case the two firms dealing with the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry will agree to fix the rents marketing or production. Formation of cartel depends upon the nature of market and here the nature of market i.e. oligopoly is perfect to enjoy the benefits associated with cartels. The members of cartel reach an agreement and then act together as being a single seller, with mutual consensus, in order to have an influence on the prices of goods and services. They control these prices by acquiring a control over production and marketing. The two members will have to agree upon certain factors like share in industry’s provision of services, market shares and fixation of prices. They come at an agreement after having completed detailed negotiations on terms and conditions of the important matters. In this case it is also an important consideration to decide about allocation of territories, customer’s allocation, formation of common sales agencies bid rigging and division of profits among these two firms. Their joint aim will be increase of profitability by reducing the competition in the market. If these two firms remain successful in acquiring government shield regarding the formation of cartel then this cartel will be known as public cartel and the enforcement of cartel agreement will be ensured by the state. On the other hand if they just try to focus on the benefits of the two firms who constitute it then it will be recognized as private cartel. As compared to private cartel it will be more beneficial for the society as a whole that these two firms form a public cartel, due to the fact that in case of public cartel the benefits are passed to the respective society as a whole. It is observed that competition laws are always found to oppose the formation of cartel the refore these two firms will have to keep in mind the rules and regulation associated with the formation of cartels in the country so that they may ensure their long run existence in the market. However, it is always very difficult for law implementation agencies to prove the existence of cartel in any market. To avoid the disclosure of involving in cartel making and resulting negative consequences often firms do not paper the hidden agreements existing among them. These firms will try to regulate supply with an aim to regulate the prices being charged for the services provided by two. Three years later there are 20 companies providing cottage rental, restaurant and ferry services to Partridge Island. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize profits now that it operates under monopolistic competition? Now there are twenty companies in the market meaning that now the nature of competition is similar to that of monopolistic competition where there is a reasonable number of firms in the market competing with each other. In order to maintain the position of the individual firm in a market and to ensure the survival firms compete on the basis of product differentiation. No firm can survive in the industry if it ignores the strategy of product differentiation. Product differentiation means that firms try to generate differences in their products or services to make their products attractive as compared to those of rivals. The purpose is to acquire the attraction of buyer in order to increase the demand for the products offered and resultantly to increase the profits. The profit maximization will occur at the same point as it is in monopoly i.e. a point at which Marginal Revenue is equal to marginal costs. Firm will produce output and charge the price corresponding to the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost. As far as the strategies to maximize profits are concerned the main strategy which must be followed by the firm is to create differentiation in the services offered by this firm. They will have to discover different ways to make their services alike, it will ensure the rise in the competitive advantage associated with the services offered. These differences in the services may be of real nature or that of an imaginary one. Real differences involve an actual services. These differences which should be created by the firm in order to maximize the profits may also be of imaginary nature for example simply changing the style of services provided. In this case there will be no real difference in the services but by changing the prese ntation style, customers will get attracted to the services of this particular firm and will prefer this firm among other twenty firms operating in the same industry. It is considered to be very important in the field of business dealing with cottages, restaurants and ferry to maintain a unique position in the market especially when there are many firms competing. In this industry the importance of services provided is like that of lifeblood in the human body. Therefore, it can be suggested that this firm will have to improve the standards of services, including that of staff and related to the comfort of customers. Customers comfort should be of primary importance for the firm and to do so they can do many different things. For restaurants and cottages they should improve the living conditions including furniture and food provided to the customers. As far as the case of Ferry is concerned user friendly services will have to be provided and to do so they should relax the terms and c ondition elated to the transport of goods and they may also maintain their position in the market by offering relatively low prices as compared to those offered by competitors. The strategy to reduce prices will have a positive impact to increase the preference for this firm among customers. Ten years later we find hundreds of companies providing the same services. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize its profits in a perfectly competitive market? If your client was losing money, when would you recommend it shut down its activities and when should it leave the industry altogether. Ten years later when there are hundreds of new companies in the market the monopoly power faced by the firm will totally abolish. The firm will have no control over the price charged from the customers. The main reason behind this is that now there is large number of firms offering almost the same services, so of this firm tries to charge a higher price it will lose its customer a they has a large choice available in the form of service providers of cottages, restaurants and ferry. The firm will become a price taker one and will have a choice to take only one decision that is of quantity to be sold. The market structure now resembles that of perfect competition, with large number of buyers and sellers, free entry and exit and having almost perfect substitutes available. In this case the firm cannot charge high prices for any of cottages, restaurants and ferry as there are large number of firms offering almost similar services so the rise in price will contribute to shift the customer s to any other service provider, hence contributing to decrease the venues of client firm. In a perfectly competitive market it becomes difficult to generate abnormal profits in a long run. However there is a possibility that firm enjoys abnormal profits in short run which will encourage the entrance of new firms in the industry and this mechanism will lead to decrease the abnormal profits enjoyed by the firms. In order to maintain a profit maximizing level the strategy followed by the firm should be based on the production of output or provision of services, at the minimum level of average cost curve. In other words firm should produce at a level which is optimal for it and at which the costs faced by the firm are minimized. The strategy to produce at optimal level will lead to generate at least normal profits for the firm in long run and it may earn heavy profits in short run. In a perfectly competitive market firm should never try to compete on the basis of prices as it would prove to be a useless strategy. As far as the general rules of profit maximization are concerne d the profits are maximized at a point where the Marginal cost curve intersects the marginal revenue curve. In addition to this the slope of MC is more than the slope of MR. Here is perfectly competitive market the Marginal Revenue (MR), Average Revenue (AR) and price (P) curves are the same. These curves are represented by the straight line which is horizontal to the X-axis showing that the firm has no control over the price of its product or service. The optimal output is not just determined by the cost information instead the knowledge of cost and demand conditions enables the firm to determine the optimal level of output which maximizes its profitability. The demand curve can be obtained by plotting sales revenue at different levels of output. The optimal output of the firm is sensitive to the price and costs associated with it, resultantly whenever the cost conditions or the prices of services in the restaurants, cottages and ferry market change, then the optimal output of this particular firm will also be changed. As here exist intense rivalry among the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry, so the firm should try to introduce new products, improve the quality of existing products and make more advertising expenditures. It is also extremely important to timely respond the strategies of competitors in the market. How can changes to the labour market be linked to changes in income distribution? What could be driving income disparities between high-income earners and low-income earners (in Canada or elsewhere)? What could be the negative impacts of these disparities? Are these short term differentials or equilibrium differentials? What policies could government put in place to improve income opportunities for low-income earners? Due to the wage restraints all over the world, people on higher end enjoy most of the benefits of economic gains leaving majority of the people deprived of the advantages associated with production processes. The status and position of migrants, women and minorities is miserable in the income distributions of most of the countries. The major contributor to promote income disparities and inequalities all over the world is decreased powers of labor unions. These unions remain unable to secure a reasonable rate of wages due to weak bargaining power associated with them. A gradual and long term decline in labor union memberships has also been observed in the past and the trend still continues. There is also negative impact of Right to Work Laws on the equal distribution of resources in an economy. These laws on the one hand benefits in achieving social welfare and on the other have adverse impacts on the income distribution, while promoting the situation of inequality in the country. Mor eover, in case of Canada the premiums set by labor unions are also quite low to ensure the well being of low income and middle income classes. The gap between rich and poor as represented by the income inequality is widening these days in Canada and the income inequality is far higher than the level at which it was thirty years ago. The inequality in favor of rich is posing serious threats to the economy as it is contributing to increase the level of aggregate demand, hence promoting highly rising inflation in the country. Poor is suffering a lot and resources available to this class for the purpose of education or for investment in business are very few. This is the major reason that poor remain trapped into the vicious circle of poverty and rich get richer day by day. Moreover, another impact of income inequality is that it leads to generate increased probability of financial distress for the economy which may serve to hinder the progress in long run. Due to distress in the society caused by income inequality, the crime rates also increase e.g. it is often observed that poor section of society indulge itself into criminal activities like murders, in order to create money for themselves and their children, so that they may the basic needs of daily life. As far as the general welfare of society is concerned income equality makes it impossible to provide similar facilities to different sections of society. Among these the most important consequence of in equality is reduced availability of health facilities which results in lower life expectancy especially for the case of poor, who has limited resources to obtain proper food and health facilities. These differentials existing between different sections of society may prove to be if long run nature if not controlled with proper policies of private and public sector. In case of Canada the differences are persistent in nature, therefore, it can be concluded that these differences between rich and poor are of long term nature in Canada. In order to deal with the income inequalities government can adopt fiscal policy changes like that of tax policy change. The measures to adopt progressive taxation can prove to be very helpful. Another way regarding tax policy is to tax the non-parents in Canada as no –parents have larger median incomes as compared to the parents. Moreover, the responsibilities of parents are larger than the non-parents and it is very beneficial to provide them an ease in the form of tax break. Tax rate should be higher on the incomes of producers as the producers comprise that section of society which is comparatively wealthier. Government can also provide ease to the poor section to get them out of the poverty trap, in the form of subsidies on the products used by poor. In addition different allowances and benefits should be designed by the government of Canada to facilitate poor so that the disparities can be removed and income distribution may get equal for all the sections of society.