Purifying use of cooking oil

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONBackground of the Study Oil used in cooking foods is commonly derived from vegetables. Cooking oil is commonly used for frying and oil used for frying is usually thrown away. The recycling of cooking oil also provides a form of revenue for restaurants,  which are sometimes compensated by cooking oil recyclers for their used deep fryer oil. Cooking oil recycling also results in less used oil being disposed of in drains, which can clog sewage lines due to the build-up of fats.Statement of the Problem How to purify and reuse cooking oil for further usage? Objectives of the StudyThis investigatory project determines the possibility of purifying used cooking oil using sedimentation method. The activated carbon was also used in the experiment to absorb some dissolved substances in the oil. There were three different setups used in this study namely; Setup 1 (sedimentation was done once); Setup 2 (sedimentation was done twice); and Setup 3 (sedimentation was done thr ice). The purified oil was compared to commercial oil in terms of color, odor, and clearness using acceptability test. Viscosity test was also done in the laboratory. 3.The means of the samples were compared and revealed that purified oil had no significant difference to commercial cooking oil in terms of color/clearness and odor as the result of the acceptability test. Therefore, sedimentation is a possible method of purifying used cooking oil.

Culture and Disease Essay

Culture is a pattern of behavior and thinking learned, shaped and shared by Europeans and Americans. It is their growing and developing bank of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, material objects and possessions gained through generations of individual group work (Williams 1976). Any discomfort, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and alterations of behavior for Europeans and Americans are considered a disease. It is a change that disrupts the normal function of the body. It is initially believed to be caused by curses, evil spirits, or night vapors. However, in the mid-19th century the discoveries and findings of scientific works by Louis Pasteur and Koch concluded microorganisms or germs are the pathogens of infectious diseases which usually gain entrance into the body. These are microorganisms that are able to infect a host and produce a disease (Miller 2003). Subsequent studies and researches improved the concepts of healthcare. In the 21st century, Western Science of Medicine means accuracy. It is the name of the trend. Its subject the human body is likened to an outstandingly complex machine that can be figured out, customized, renovated, and its health defined and described in strictly clinical terms. Medical experts called Physicians can identify and eliminate disease-causing or etiologic organisms that originate outside the body, Surgeons evolved to be incomparable experts in dealing with acute trauma and distress, and epidemiologist uncovers the factors that determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations. These factors include the characteristics of the pathogen, the susceptibility of human population resulting from overcrowding, lack of immunization, nutritional status, inadequate sanitation procedures, locations or reservoirs where pathogens lie in wait, and the various means by which infectious disease is transmitted. Ironically, resurgence of infectious disease such as tuberculosis occurred brought about by the emergence of another infectious disease HIV/AIDS (Burton 2004). The existence of epidemic and communicable diseases in specific areas were found to follow geographic patterns. Diseases like Poliomyelitis caused by over population infected Brazilian children population, and it also infected older age Scandinavian and Americans; cholera, yellow fever and dengue infected Indians in India as a result of poor sanitation; Plague brought about by rodents are cases in the Western United States of America, and in China, it is carried by rodents and fleas infecting Chinese. These findings were important concepts for public awareness to guide travelers and servicemen (Duffy 1953). Body Tuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract characterized by fever, night sweats, weight loss, productive cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood and hoarseness. It may infect lymph nodes causing systemic disease like kidney disease, urinary bladder disease and bone disease (Burton 2004). The dynamics of infection follows the following pattern: Sources of Infection > Modes of entry > Mechanism of disease > Pattern of infection > Portals of exit. Mycobacterium tuberculosis a slow-growing, acid-fast, Gram-variable bacillus is an aerobic bacillus species capable of reproducing within 16-20 hours. It is the etiologic agent of the disease called tuberculosis (Burton 2004). Mycobacterium tuberculosis developed resistance to treatment drugs. It is the second leading killer of adults in the world, with more than 2 million TB-related deaths each year (Burton 2004). Ironically, one of the endemic diseases in the United States of America is this bacterial disease called tuberculosis. In 2004 Centers for Disease and Controls, Atlanta, GA reported 14, 517 tuberculosis cases. The resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States of America in the 1980’s through 1990’s primarily resulted from the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (Burton 2004). Identification and recognition of the characteristics of the pathogen, the susceptibility of human population resulting from overcrowding, lack of immunization, nutritional status, inadequate sanitation procedures, locations or reservoirs, emigration and migration of men and animals, and stress makes people immunosuppressed resulting to infection, considering that pathogens may come primarily from infected humans, sometimes from primates, cattle and other infected mammals (Burton 2004) . There are various sources from which tuberculosis can be acquired and transmitted. It may be via airborne droplets produced by the infected organism during coughing, sneezing, even singing and prolonged direct contact with infected individuals ((Burton 2004). Prevention, Precautions, Sterilization, disinfection and Patient care would all involve airborne precautions (Burton 2004). In Clinical practice, disinfection and sterilization as well as laboratory procedures were employed being a necessity. Their scientific basis has been developed only during the past century. These important procedures are: Sterilization which is the destruction or complete removal by filtration of all forms of microorganisms including their spores; Disinfection is the destruction of many microorganisms but not usually bacterial spores; Antisepsis, is the destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues thereby limiting or preventing the harmful effect of infection; Static agent would inhibit the growth of bacteriostatic microorganisms; Bactericidal agent would kill the microorganisms; Sterilizers are chemicals which under controlled conditions kill spore-forming bacteria. These agents which perform the above functions were divided into physical agents and chemical agents. With these mechanisms, Epidemiologist and Social psychologist in the United States of America helped contribute to the study of health and to the interventions to improve people’s well-being and quality of life by promoting health and preventing illnesses. They identify psychological factors that might influence illness, and identify improved ways in which health care is delivered. This is also a form of proposition for the improvement of the health of the population by promoting healthy choices and preventing people from becoming ill. Psychologists are persuasive by appealing to fear for the negative health consequences, subsequently encouraging American families, peer and schooling young adolescents to change their health behaviors by redirecting their behavioral intentions. This is in line with the concept that the actions taken by people to safeguard their health are influenced by factors such as general health values, perceived susceptibility to illness, perceptions of illness severity, expectations of treatment success, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and benefits, and cues to action. Healthy habits that are currently recommended are vigorous regular exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, eating healthy foods, and getting enough sleep. Even so, considering the increased cultural mixing Of the United States of America, programs or lessons in scholastic trainings are incorporated as designed to increase intercultural communications as cultural patterns affect how people make sense of the many aspects of health care: the meanings that people give to health and illness, the causes of diseases, the means to prevent illnesses, appropriate cures, and the types of individuals most qualified to provide care and attempt to cure. In this context, magico-religious approach, holistic approach and biomedical approach are not set aside, but, the healthcare system of the United States of America is typically focused on the individual patient as the source of the medical problem in need of a cure. This is rather the biomedical approach adopted to address the issues of illness and wellness. It considers people health regardless of culture to be driven by biochemical forces. Wellness is achieved by understanding that the biochemical reaction is activated. Illness happens when a part of the normal human body metabolic activities is altered. Treatments are provided by Medical health practitioners like Doctors and Nurses, thus bringing back the normal course of bodily metabolic activities supportive of good health (Lustig 1996). In 1953 Dr. Louis H. Bauer of New York, USA as a secretary General of the World Medical Health Association outlined the major task to address medical care need from their time on, such as: 1) Rural community work to establish facilities and to encourage physicians participation; 2) provide medical care all depressed areas : 3) Extend public health coverage to depressed areas; 4) Evolve strategies to address care needs people with inborn disorders; 5) Provide insurance programs to people specially senior citizens and the disabled; 6) Eradicate graft and corruption in the Medical practice; 7) General public protection for regular Medical services; 8) Renew medical societies; and 9) Medical Health ethics education for the Medical Health practitioners (Perkins 1993). Conclusion With the advent of post-industrial age marked by the ubiquitous appearance and usages of television and the computer, supposedly a reliable indicator, most Americans should be healthy and wealthy. Being so, it could be enough to affect longevity positively, primarily through lifestyle choices, rather than lack of food or shelter and diseases (Lustig 1996). However, Studies revealed that even the introduction of Medicare in the United States, bringing the poor substantially at par with the rich in terms of health care and medical services did not eliminate or even markedly reduced the large differential mortality. In contrast, life expectancy in Japan is far above all the rest of the countries in the world. The life expectancy for males is 78 years while the life expectancy for females is 85 years, in spite of half the level of spending for healthcare than that of the United States of America amounting to around $2,000 per person, 7. 4 percent of GDP (Powell 1990). The technology used in the Japanese health care system is similar to that used in the United States of America, but, the flow of funds, the quantity and intensity of use is considerably different (Powell 1990). In Japan, all citizens are free to choose any physician and hospital. Physicians may be General Private Practitioner providing primary and secondary care, while Specialist works in hospitals. Hospitals may be large and public university hospitals with medical school, research facilities, and outpatient department for primary care while small time private practitioners have small facilities and less sophisticated treatments (Powell 1990). Knowing that tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplets produced by the infected organism during coughing, sneezing, even singing and prolonged direct contact with infected individuals, preventions and precautions are better than an ounce of medicine after infection. Reference Burton, G. and Engelkirk, P. (2004). Microbiology for Health Sciences. USA: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lustig, M. and Koester, J. (1996). Intercultural Competence. 6th ed. USA: HarperCollins. Powell, M. and Anesaki, M. (1990). Health Care in Japan. New York: Routledge. Duffy, John. (1953). Epidemics in Colonial America. Perkins, James E. (1952). You and Tuberculosis.

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Fifteen

Elena watched Damon with mute dread. She knew that disturbing smile too well. But even as her heart sank, her mind threw a mocking question at her. What difference did it make? She and Stefan were going to die anyway. It only made sense for Damon to save himself. And it was wrong to expect him to go against his nature. She watched that beautiful, capricious smile with a feeling of sorrow for what Damon might have been. Katherine smiled back at him, enchanted. â€Å"We'll be so happy together. Once they're dead, I'll let you go. I didn't mean to hurt you, not really. I just got angry.† She put out a slender hand and stroked his cheek. â€Å"I'm sorry.† â€Å"Katherine,† he said. He was still smiling. â€Å"Yes.† She leaned closer. â€Å"Katherine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, Damon?† â€Å"Go to hell.† Elena flinched from what happened next before it happened, feeling the violent upsurge of Power, of malevolent, unbridled Power. She screamed at the change in Katherine. That lovely face was twisting, mutating into something that was neither human nor animal. A red light blazed in Katherine's eyes as she fell on Damon, her fangs sinking into his throat. Talons sprang from her fingertips, and she raked Damon's already-bleeding chest with it, tearing into his skin while the blood flowed. Elena kept screaming, realizing dimly that the pain in her arms was from fighting the ropes that held her. She heard Stefan shouting, too, but above everything she heard the deafening shriek of Katherine's mental voice. Now you'll be sorry! Now I'm going to make you sorry! I'll kill you! I'll kill you! I'll kill you! I'll kill you! The words themselves hurt, like daggers stabbing into Elena's mind. The sheer Power of it stupefied her, rocking her back against the iron pickets. But there was no way to get away from it. It seemed to echo from all around her, hammering in her skull. Kill you! Kill you! Kill you! Elena fainted. Meredith, crouched beside Aunt Judith in the utility room, shifted her weight, straining to interpret the sounds outside the door. The dogs had gotten into the cellar; she wasn't sure how, but from the bloody muzzles of some of them, she thought they had broken through the ground-level windows. Now they were outside the utility room, but Meredith couldn't tell what they were doing. It was too quiet out there. â€Å"Hush,† Robert whispered quickly. â€Å"It's all right, sweetheart. Everything's going to be all right.† Meredith met his frightened, determined eyes over Margaret's tow head. We almost had you pegged for the Other Power, she thought. But there was no time to regret it now. â€Å"Where's Elena? Elena said she'd watch over me,† Margaret said, her eyes large and solemn. â€Å"She said she'd take care of me.† Aunt Judith put a hand to her mouth. â€Å"She is taking care of you,† Meredith whispered. â€Å"She just sent me to do it, that's all. It's the truth,† she added fiercely, and saw Robert's look of reproach melt into perplexity. Outside, the silence had given way to scratching and gnawing sounds. The dogs were at work on the door. Robert cradled Margaret's head closer to his chest. Bonnie didn't know how long they had been working. Hours, certainly. Forever, it seemed like. The dogs had gotten in through the kitchen and the old wooden side doors. So far, though, only about a dozen had gotten past the fires lit like barricades in front of these openings. And the men with guns had taken care of most of those. But Mr. Smallwood and his friends were now holding empty rifles. And they were running out of things to burn. Vickie had gotten hysterical a little while ago, screaming and holding her head as if something was hurting her. They'd been looking for ways to restrain her when she finally passed out. Bonnie went up to Matt, who was looking out over the fire through the demolished side door. He wasn't looking for dogs, she knew, but for something else much farther away. Something you couldn't see from here. â€Å"You had to go, Matt,† she said. â€Å"There was nothing else you could do.† He didn't answer or turn around. â€Å"It's almost dawn,† she said. â€Å"Maybe when that comes, the dogs will leave.† But even as she said it, she knew it wasn't true. Matt didn't answer. She touched his shoulder. â€Å"Stefan's with her. Stefan's there.† At last, Matt gave some response. He nodded. â€Å"Stefan's there,† he said. Brown and snarling, another shape charged out of the dark. It was much later when Elena came gradually to consciousness. She knew because she could see, not just by the handful of candles Katherine had lit but also by the cold gray dimness that filtered down from the crypt's opening. Damon? she thought. It was only after she had done it that she realized the word had not been spoken. Somehow, Katherine's shrieking had closed a circuit in her mind, or maybe it had awakened something sleeping. And Matt's blood had undoubtedly helped, giving her the strength to finally find her mental voice. She turned her head the other way. Stefan? His face was haggard with pain, but aware. Too aware. Elena almost wished that he were as insensible as Damon to what was happening to them. Elena, he returned. Where is she? Elena said, her eyes moving slowly around the room. Stefan looked toward the opening of the crypt. She went up there a while ago. Maybe to check on how the dogs are doing. Elena had thought she'd reached the limit of fear and dread, but it wasn't true. She hadn't remembered the others then. Elena, I'm sorry. Stefan's face was filled with what no words could express. It's not your fault, Stefan. You didn't do this to her. She did it to herself. Or-it just happened to her, because of what she is. What we are. Running beneath Elena's thoughts was the memory of how she had attacked Stefan in the woods, and how she had felt when she was racing toward Mr. Smallwood, planning her revenge. It could have been me, she said. No! You could never become like that. Elena didn't answer. If she had the Power now, what would she do to Katherine? What wouldn't she do to her? But she knew it would only upset Stefan more to talk about it. I thought Damon was going to betray us, she said. I did, too, said Stefan queerly. He was looking at his brother with an odd expression. Do you still hate him? Stefan's gaze darkened. No, he said quietly. No, I don't hate him anymore. Elena nodded. It was important, somehow. Then she started, her nerves hyper-alert, as something shadowed the entrance to the crypt. Stefan tensed, too. She's coming. Elena- I love you, Stefan, Elena said hopelessly, as the misty white shape hurtled down. Katherine took form in front of them. Of course, thought Elena. How could I have been so stupid? Damon rode with us in Alaric's car over the river. He crossed running water then, and probably lots of other times. He couldn't have been the Other Power. It was strange how she could think even though she was so frightened. It was as if one part of her mind stood watching from a distance. â€Å"I'm going to kill you now,† Katherine said conversationally. â€Å"Then I'm going under the river to kill your friends. I don't think the dogs have done it yet. But I'll take care of it myself.† â€Å"Let Elena go,† said Stefan. His voice was quenched but compelling all the same. â€Å"I haven't decided how to do it,† said Katherine, ignoring him. â€Å"I might roast you. There's almost enough light for that now. And I've got these.† She reached down the front of her gown and brought her closed hand out. â€Å"One-two-three!† she said, dropping two silver rings and a gold one onto the ground. Their stones shone blue as Katherine's eyes, blue as the stone in the necklace at Katherine's throat. Elena's hands twisted frantically and she felt the smooth bareness of her ring finger. It was true. She wouldn't have believed how naked she felt without that circlet of metal. It was necessary to her life, to her survival. Without it- â€Å"Without these you'll die,† Katherine said, scuffing the rings carelessly with the toe of one foot. â€Å"But I don't know if that's slow enough.† She paced back almost to the far wall of the crypt, her silver dress shimmering in the dim light. It was then that the idea came to Elena. She could move her hands. Enough to feel one with the other, enough to know that they weren't numb anymore. The ropes were looser. But Katherine was strong. Unbelievably strong. And faster than Elena, too. Even if Elena got free she would have time for only one quick act. She rotated one wrist, feeling the ropes give. â€Å"There are other ways,† Katherine said. â€Å"I could cut you and watch you bleed. I like watching.† Gritting her teeth, Elena exerted pressure against the rope. Her hand was bent at an excruciating angle, but she continued to press. She felt the burn of the rope slipping aside. â€Å"Or rats,† Katherine was saying pensively. â€Å"Rats could be fun. I could tell them when to start and when to stop.† Working the other hand free was much easier. Elena tried to give no sign of what was going on behind her back. She would have liked to call to Stefan with her mind, but she didn't dare. Not if there was any chance Katherine might hear. but she didn't dare. Not if there was any chance Katherine might hear. There was a rectangle of gray light on the floor. Dawn light. It was coming in through the crypt's opening. Katherine had already been out in that light. But†¦ Katherine smiled suddenly, her blue eyes sparkling. â€Å"I know! I'll drink you almost up and make you watch while I kill her! I'll leave you just enough strength so you see her die before you do. Doesn't that sound like a good plan?† Blithely, she clapped her hands and pirouetted again, dancing away. Just one more step, thought Elena. She saw Katherine approach the rectangle of light. Just one more step†¦ Katherine took the step. â€Å"That's it, then!† She started to turn around. â€Å"What a good-† Now! Yanking her cramped arms out of the last loops of rope, Elena rushed her. It was like the rush of a hunting cat. One desperate sprint to reach the prey. One chance. One hope. She struck Katherine with her full weight. The impact knocked them both into the rectangle of light. She felt Katherine's head crack against the stone floor. And felt the searing pain, as if her own body had been plunged into poison. It was a feeling like the burning dryness of hunger, only stronger. A thousand times stronger. It was unbearable. â€Å"Elena!† Stefan screamed, with mind and voice. Stefan, she thought. Beneath her Power surged as Katherine's stunned eyes focused. Her mouth twisted with rage, fangs bursting forth. They were so long they cut into the lower lip. That distorted mouth opened in a howl. Elena's clumsy hand fumbled at Katherine's throat. Her fingers closed on the cool metal of Katherine's blue necklace. With all her strength, she wrenched and felt the chain give way. She tried to clasp it, but her fingers felt thick and uncoordinated and Katherine's clawing hand scrabbled at it wildly. It spun away into the shadows. â€Å"Elena!† Stefan called again in that dreadful voice. She felt as if her body were filled with light. As if she were transparent. Only, light was pain. Beneath her, Katherine's warped face was looking up directly into the winter sky. Instead of a howl, there was a shrieking that went up and up. Elena tried to lift herself off, but she didn't have the strength. Katherine's face was rifting, cracking open. Lines of fire opened in it. The screaming reached a crescendo. Katherine's hair was aflame, her skin was blackening. Elena felt fire from both above and below. She saw Stefan's arms, red where they had been exposed to the sun and bleeding where he had torn free of his ropes. She saw his face, saw the stricken horror and grief. Then her eyes blurred and she saw nothing. Meredith and Robert, striking at the blood-soaked muzzles that thrust through the hole in the door, paused in confusion. The teeth had stopped snapping and tearing. One muzzle jerked and slid out of the way. Edging sideways to look at the other, Meredith saw that the dog's eyes were glazed and milky. They didn't move. She looked at Robert, who stood panting. There was no more noise from the cellar. Everything was silent. But they didn't dare to hope. Vickie's demented shrieking stopped as if it had been cut with a knife. The dog, which had sunk its teeth into Matt's thigh, stiffened and gave a convulsive shudder; then, its jaws released him. Gasping for breath, Bonnie swung to look beyond the dying fire. There was just enough light to see bodies of other dogs lying where they had fallen outside. She and Matt leaned on each other, looking around, bewildered. It had finally stopped snowing. Slowly, Elena opened her eyes. Everything was very clear and calm. She was glad the shrieking was over. That had been bad; it had hurt. Now, nothing hurt. She felt as if her body were filled with light again, but this time there was no pain. It was as if she were floating, very high and easy, on wafts of air. She almost felt she didn't have a body at all. She smiled. Turning her head didn't hurt, although it increased the loose, floating feeling. She saw, in the oblong of pale light on the floor, the smoldering remains of a silvery dress. Katherine's lie of five hundred years ago had become the truth. That was that, then. Elena looked away. She didn't wish anyone harm now, and she didn't want to waste time on Katherine. There were so many more important things. â€Å"Stefan,† she said and sighed, and smiled. Oh, this was nice. This must be how a bird felt. â€Å"I didn't mean for things to turn out this way,† she said, softly rueful. His green eyes were wet. They filled again, but he returned her smile. â€Å"I know,† he said. â€Å"I know, Elena.† It seemed to her that it had been a long while since she'd really looked at him. Since she'd taken time to appreciate how beautiful he was, with his dark hair and his eyes as green as oak leaves. But she saw it now, and she saw his soul shining through those eyes. It was worth it, she thought. I didn't want to die; I don't want to now. But I'd do it all over again if I had to. â€Å"I love you,† she whispered. â€Å"I love you,† he said, squeezing their joined hands. The strange, languorous lightness cradled her gently. She could scarcely feel Stefan holding her. She would have thought she'd be terrified. But she wasn't, not as long as Stefan was there. â€Å"The people at the dance-they'll be all right now, won't they?† she said. â€Å"They'll be all right now,† Stefan whispered. â€Å"You saved them.† â€Å"I didn't get to say good-bye to Bonnie and Meredith. Or Aunt Judith. You have to tell them I love them.† â€Å"I'll tell them,† Stefan said. â€Å"You can tell them yourself,† panted another voice, hoarse and unused sounding. Damon had pulled himself across the floor behind Stefan. His face was ravaged, streaked with blood, but his dark eyes burned at her. â€Å"Use your will, Elena. Hold on. You have the strength-â€Å" She smiled at him, waveringly. She knew the truth. What was happening was only finishing what had been started two weeks ago. She'd had thirteen days to get things straight, to make amends with Matt and say good-bye to Margaret. To tell Stefan she loved him. But now the grace period was up. Still, there was no point in hurting Damon. She loved Damon, too. â€Å"I'll try,† she promised. â€Å"We'll take you home,† he said. â€Å"But not yet,† she told him gently. â€Å"Let's wait just a little while.† Something happened in the fathomless black eyes, and the burning spark went out. Then she saw that Damon knew, too. â€Å"I'm not afraid,† she said. â€Å"Well-only a little.† A drowsiness had started, and she felt very comfortable, but as if she were falling asleep. Things were drifting away from her. An ache rose in her chest. She was not much afraid, but she was sorry. There were so many things she would miss, so many things she wished she had done. â€Å"Oh,† she said softly. â€Å"How funny.† underground room. Only this was a doorway into a different light. â€Å"How beautiful,† she murmured. â€Å"Stefan? I'm so tired.† â€Å"You can rest now,† he whispered. â€Å"You won't let go of me?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Then I won't be afraid.† Something was shining on Damon's face. She reached toward it, touched it, and lifted her fingers away in wonder. â€Å"Don't be sad,† she told him, feeling the cool wetness on her fingertips. But a pang of worry disturbed her. Who was there to understand Damon now? Who would be there to push him, to try to see what was really inside him? â€Å"You have to take care of each other,† she said, realizing it. A little strength came back to her, like a candle flaring in the wind. â€Å"Stefan, will you promise? Promise to take care of each other?† â€Å"I promise,† he said. â€Å"Oh, Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Waves of sleepiness were overcoming her. â€Å"That's good,† she said. â€Å"That's good, Stefan.† The doorway was closer, so close she could touch it now. She wondered if her parents were somewhere behind it. â€Å"Time to go home,† she whispered. And then the darkness and the shadows faded and there was nothing but light. Stefan held her while her eyes closed. And then he just held her, the tears he'd been keeping back falling without restraint. It was a different pain than when he'd pulled her out of the river. There was no anger in this, and no hatred, but a love that seemed to go on and on forever. It hurt even more. He looked at the rectangle of sunlight, just a step or two away from him. Elena had gone into the light. She'd left him here alone. Not for long, he thought. His ring was on the floor. He didn't even glance at it as he rose, his eyes on the shaft of sunlight shining down. A hand grabbed his arm and pulled him back. Stefan looked into his brother's face. Damon's eyes were dark as midnight, and he was holding Stefan's ring. As Stefan watched, unable to move, he forced the ring onto Stefan's finger and released him. yours, too. Take it. Take it and go.† He turned his face away. Stefan gazed at the golden circlet in his palm for a long time. Then his fingers closed over it and he looked back at Damon. His brother's eyes were shut, his breathing labored. He looked exhausted and in pain. And Stefan had made a promise to Elena. â€Å"Come on,† he said quietly, putting the ring in his pocket. â€Å"Let's get you some place where you can rest.† He put an arm around his brother to help him up. And then, for a moment, he just held on.

Offer a critical assessment of the current business Essay

Offer a critical assessment of the current business environments(Nestle), selecting industry examples based on your chosen pathway - Essay Example Porter’s five force analysis is one the most powerful tool that greatly facilitates evaluation of internal and external factors that impact performance (1980). The emerging new trends in the travel industry vis-Ã  -vis travel destination, special interest packages, integrated services for corporate customers with high spending potential etc. have given significant boost not only to the industry but to national economies also (UNWTO, 2006; Dwyer, 2002). MICE package has been developed for global firms that want to mix business with leisure activities to rejuvenate their workers. They are also designed to address the need of the international business community by organizing global meet for corporate buyers and sellers so as to exploit new opportunities for expanding business across globe (Spiller, 2002). The huge potential of MICE has increasing become the driving force for the success of the tourism industry. Porter’s five force analysis hugely facilitates in assessing market forces which can be exploited by the MICE firms and other tourism agencies. It evaluates the five forces: threat of new entry; buyer power; supplier power; th reat of substitute; and competitive rivalry. Threat of new entry is always a critical issue as it significantly reduces the economy of scale for big businesses. The technology and globalization have provided new entrants with huge opportunities and local agencies have emerged as major threats for tourism agencies. Differentiation, networking capability, financial backing, brand loyalty etc. become major factors to overcome the threat posed by new entrants. Buyers’ power is huge as technology has hugely enabled small family businesses to enter tourism industry with success. There are also more global players in this field which make switching easier. The industry firms, therefore, must focus on cost differentiation, brand equity and quality of service to gain leverage. The

Who is liable under a Shipment or Destination Contract Assignment

Who is liable under a Shipment or Destination Contract - Assignment Example As it is with most contracts involving the transportation of goods, contracts are presumed to be shipment contracts unless stated (McNett, 2005). In the scenario provided; therefore, the contract involved is a shipment contract. Shipment contract is a type of business contract whereby the tender of performance is reached at the time when goods are surrendered to the carrier, which is then responsible for delivery of the goods to the owner. However, the buyer remains responsible for the goods as the owner immediately the seller surrenders the goods to the carrier. Under the  destination contacts, the seller of the goods tenders the  goods  to the carrier, who is then  responsible for the delivery the goods to the buyer.  However, the buyer is neither responsible for any damage or loss of goods nor the owner of the goods until the carrier directly delivers the goods to the buyer (Beatty, Bredeson and Samuelson, 2013). In  the situation  therefore, it is  identified  that  the  person responsible for the loss of the computer in the scenario  is me the buyer  and not Dell Computers, Inc., as the charge that had been taken from my credit card only included the purchase of the computer and not shipment costs as the contract could have stated that so. In order to answer to the question accurately, one requires more information pertaining to the terms in the contract between Dell Computers, Inc. and I. Since such information is not available, the conclusion remains that Dell Computers, Inc. was only responsible for the loss of the computer until it rendered them to the carrier for the delivery to me. I would, therefore, remain fully responsible for the goods from the time Dell Computers, Inc. delivered the computer to the carrier. Additionally, information pertaining to the agreement between the types of contract involved is also essential in determining the person

Notion of Disciplinary Societies and Societies of Control Essay

Notion of Disciplinary Societies and Societies of Control - Essay Example Various ways of control are done as laws are not the only means of it but also through rewards and punishment (Deleuze 1995, p. 5). People who show exemplary values to the society by following the laws and doing their duties for the society are rewarded. On the other hand, violators face the consequence of their actions as they receive the punishment. Punishments are then penalized in various ways and in different degrees. Bribes and stealing may be penalized by lighter sanctions like less than a year of spending time inside the jail or by fines. Higher degrees of crimes are punishable by the law via life sentence and even death penalty (Foucault 1977, p. 130). Another way of prevention of those crimes is through discipline. It is primarily taught at school as the learners must learn the value of self-control. Other programs are even conducted by the government to ensure the proliferation of discipline among the people in the society. It is a good way of preventing crimes from becomi ng widespread. It also serves as a way of control though it may not be a direct approach. The time nowadays seems to pass by quickly as changes happen almost everyday. The technology advancement accelerates at the speed of information that leads to the creation of the digital age. Information is primarily an important entity for that age as geographical boundaries have been overcome by the geniuses of the people. Networks and computers are now used for education, business and collaboration across fields of interests as people have seen the vast potential of the technology (Best, 2010, p. 6). Internet has proven to be a cost-effective way of advertising and conducting businesses as companies both big and small are able to reach out to a wider range of audience and potential market as they do not need to physically go to other faraway locations just to conduct their businesses. Education also benefits from the technology of the worldwide web as students are able to study anytime and a nywhere. It serves as a good form of education especially for the working class. Through online classrooms, multimedia supported web pages and online forums, students are able to study in a flexible manner. Despite of those advantages, the growing popularity and use of internet has posed various risks especially to the security of people. Their identities are transmitted through the interconnected wires and sensitive data are shared. Sometimes it may become the source for frauds, scams and even national threats (Agre, 1994, p. 102). It may pose a big risk to the liberties of the individuals and nations alike. In particular, two concepts will be discussed deeply in the paper based upon the notions of the two authors namely Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze. Foucault wrote about the discipline in the society through his work Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison while Deleuze wrote about the societal control through his work Postscript on the Society of Control. Both concept s will be compared and contrast and analyzed regarding their implications to the current state of the society where mobile phones, computers and internet are widely-used. The concept of discipline in the society as depicted by Foucault showed the starting point of control and how the society deals with crimes. The society was once

International Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Economic - Essay Example This would lead customers to prefer the old company than the new one and thus the infant industry would be trapped in a vicious cycle and in the end would have to close down. The infant industry argument is regarded as one of the greatest arguments of protection known. The argument claims that newly developed small firms should be granted some protection for their survival. The new firms have very little chance of competing with the already established and flourishing old firms in the developed countries that is why they require some sort of protection to enable their survival. The already established industries have more exposure to the world and have greater knowledge of the ways of production, market, labor etc and are able to sell their goods at a lower price in the international market without suffering any kind of loss, in fact for a greater profit. On the other hand, a firm producing the same product in a relatively new setup industry would not have the same production technologies available to it. The employees and the management would lack the experience and knowledge. A head on competition with the old industries, would make them a cripple and they might have to close down. Now narrowing it down to the international scenario, we see that developing countries are the ones that need the protection more. They lack the basic resources required to establish an industry and even if established they have little resources or talent to keep it thriving. Instead they become victim to the developed countries, and can not meet their standard of production, quality, expertise etc. The under developed nations lack human resources and therefore can not develop the natural ones. As the porter model suggests the availability of raw material can not give an industry a competitive edge until and unless we are able to develop and upgrade them. However the third world country lacks the modern technology and knowledge base that the developed countries possess. Therefore no matter how hard they fight, no matter what advertising policies they adopt, it is very difficult for them to come up to the mark and challenge the old firms. Thus the laws of humanity suggest that some so rt of protection must be given to "infant industries" for the purpose of their survival. These protections can be given in many forms. For instance, Quotas. For many years, the textile industry of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have been given subsidies. Also protection can be given in the form of import tariffs. With this the domestic price of the goods will rise and the imports will decrease from the rest of the world. If the prices are raised within a certain limit then the firm would be able to cover its high production costs and then remain in business. After a span of some years, these firms would acquire more experience and knowledge which in turn would lead to them being able to produce more cheaply. The firms would then do the same things that the developed country firms did and thus would be able to improve even more. So protection in simple words, gives an infant industry time to settle into the fast paced world. Furthermore since the firm's production efficiency would improve, the

Oil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil - Research Paper Example The question that would equally be important to answer is the impact of alternative sources of energy on oil dependency and the aggregate global economy (Gudmestad,et al. 34). Oil industry is one of the strongest among other industries due to the significant power it wield in global economic activities. It is equally important to underline the geopolitical aspects of its production which is limited to some parts of the world. It is a common knowledge that the leading oil cartel is OPEC with a strong bargaining power in the international petroleum oil market (Omeje 168). The Dollar strength is significant shaken by oil prices and this is a key factor that proves the influence of oil industry in social, economic and political decisions made by governments and the private sector. There has been an increasing campaign for alternative source of fuel for powering vehicles and it is imperative that a critical analysis is undertaken to this effect to establish the possible consequences this would have in the economy and Oil industry. Recent Oil prices have shown a sharp volatility that began in 2008 across the world. In this regard, it is important to understand the basic facts in oil industry that explain the possible fluctuation of the commodity and the market trends. Socio-economic and political analysts have established that the oil market trend has outgrown the forces of demand and supply. This means that other factors like petroleum oil investors’ behavior in respect to prices is likely to affect the industry. To give light on the possibility of this scenario, past records and investigative analysis indicates that some economic strategies by oil firms is responsible for the fluctuation stint experienced in 2008. Since oil is such a precious commodity on whose wheels the global economy rides, most of the firms have resorted to hedging tactics to exploit the changes in international prices with a goal of maximizing profit. It therefore evident that some of t he financial woes that have been experienced in late 2000s can be attributed to financial market shockwaves of oil firms malpractices. Due to the lucrative opportunities in the industry, most of the investors lead in speculative behavior by divesting funds through pension funds, hedging and investment banks which reflects on the experienced changes in the global economy(Omeje 178). This emerging scenario has made it difficult to predict oil market trends. The oil industry analysts are still debating on the level of significance of forces of demand and supply in Oil industry but one issue that comes out more challenging is the lacking sense of emerging reality in this industry by investors. A crucial aspect of Oil industry has been on the basis of absolute price dictation by OPEC countries but this has so far changed. Changing socio-economic and political landscapes has made oil market to behavior like any other commodity. It is therefore important to underline the diminishing monopo ly based pricing style that was previously used by OPEC. The observed case of US exploring its oil has equally contributed to the shift in pricing strategy previously used by global producers. One observation across the world is that Oil products have become the most actively traded item. Despite market concentration noted in New York, Singapore and London in UK, both refined and crude oil has gained trading popularity

College Education in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

College Education in America - Essay Example The college education in the US is marked by diversity, dedication and a quest for excellence. The college education in the United States of America differs from other countries in the sense that it is not regulated by any national system. The colleges and universities in various states of America are governed and managed by state governments. The state universities in the United States are the public universities that are supported by the respective states where they are located. The state universities are the centers of higher education. They also share a deep relationship with the communities where they exist. These universities attract talent from all over the world. The state universities offer graduate and professional degrees. They also offer a range of undergraduate courses. State universities also play an important role in the social, economic and cultural life of the states where they are located. As already said, the college education system in the US is marked by diversit y. This allows the students to enrollee in specific colleges and universities as per their aptitude, budget and mobility. Hence, in the US there also exist private universities. Many of the private universities are held in high regard in the US. Private universities enjoy greater financial flexibility. They do not depend for funding on the states. Actually they are supported by many scientific and professional organizations. Community colleges in the US extend to many students the access to higher education. Community colleges allow students to earn credits for the starting two years of a bachelor’s degree spread across four years. The community colleges not only help students learn in a supportive environment, but also offer quiet affordable tuition costs (Baker 686). They also allow many adults to continue education in a supportive and encouraging environment (Baker 686). In addition, community colleges also host many personal development courses. Many international student s are enrolled in the community colleges every year. These colleges help them understand the basics of American culture. These colleges also help the international students improve their English language skills. Community colleges in the US provide the students with ample support services to help the students with different levels of language proficiencies succeed and grow. The community colleges in the US are also signified by many additional benefits like small class size and favorable students to teacher ratio. In addition they offer a wide variety of programs. The students can easily choose a program or major that suits them well. The also exist universities and colleges in the US that serve minority ethnic groups (Sims 17). These institutions are aimed at serving the needs and requirements of a minority group. Such institutions usually have a historical background. Many of the minority centric institutions serve the academic needs of the non minority students also. It goes with out saying that even today there are minority groups in the US that have been sidelined by the academic initiatives (Sims 18). These minority colleges tend to make up for this lack. These institutions assure that every US citizen gets a chance to realize the American Dream. They also give importance to the specific issues faced by the minorities they serve. It would not be wrong to say that the college education in the US is marked by diversity and

TRANSAMERICA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

TRANSAMERICA - Research Paper Example On the other hand, business ethics refers to the set of actions that are increasing control over the potential conflicts like corporate governance, corruption, insider trading and employee discrimination. In the current study, Transamerica Life Insurance Company is selected to outline the various aspects of CSR and ethics (Doyle, 2011). Transamerica Corporation is having a prolonged history of controlling different life insurance and investment firms. The American company is having different entities in around the world. Amadeo Giannini established the organization in the year 1904 with the help of the ‘Bank of Italy’ and used the name of ‘San Francisco saloon’. Actually, his aim was to provide financial services more easily so that maximum number of people can use products. He started to provide financial support to different person from the year 1906. Giannini started with a temporary bank in the San Francisco docks area, which provides industrial, contractual loans very easily (Transamerica.com, 2015c). In the year 1928, new strategy adopted by Giannini as his organization merged with ‘Bank of America’. In the year 1930, the â€Å"Transamerica Corporation acquired the Occidental Life Insurance Company† (Transamerica.com, 2015b). Moreover, in the year 1956, management of the firm separated the banking and life insurance businesses segment as the Transamerica. San Francisco skyline was launched after Transamerica was launched (Transamerica.com, 2015b). During the two decades 1960 to 1980, the organization has faced huge challenge. Transamerica gained higher interests among the global financial market with the help of inventiveness and acquisition. They started providing various life insurance and financial services to the normal and institutional clients. Their major clients are like â€Å"motion picture distributor United Artists, Trans International Airlines and Budget Rent A Car† (Transamerica.com, 2015a). During the year 1980,

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Poetry - Essay Example The last line is broken down â€Å"so-long-lives-this-and-this-gives-life-to-thee.† So quatrain or couplet within â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† has 10 syllables. This qualifies the poem as a sonnet. The rhyme structure of this poem is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. An example is the first quatrain has the rhymes â€Å"day† and â€Å"May† in the first and third lines. The second and fourth lines rhyme with â€Å"temperate† and â€Å"date†. The second quatrain rhymes â€Å"shines† and â€Å"declines† in the fifth and seventh line. The sixth and eighth line rhymes â€Å"dimmed† and â€Å"untrimmed†. The ninth and eleventh line rhymes with â€Å"fade† and â€Å"shade†. The tenth and twelfth line rhyme with â€Å"ow’st† and â€Å"grow’st†. The final two lines rhyme with â€Å"see† and â€Å"thee†. This rhyming pattern is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g patterning. Finally, Shakespeare’s â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day† has the topic of beauty and love. Although it is not a requirement to have a love sonnet, Shakespeare use the technique. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† is in the style of a Petrarchan Sonnet. The Petrarchan Sonnet is the Italian formed. The English, especially Shakespeare, used this typical technique subject of love. The Petrarchan Sonnet usually spoke of love, beauty, or love not requited. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† also contains a volta. A volta is a shift in topic in the third quatrain. In the beginning Shakespeare is declaring undying love and comparison to life. However, in the third quatrain the subject leads to death and fading. For

My Ambition Essay Example for Free

My Ambition Essay My ambition in life has always kept changing frequently, like as a dancer, as an artist, a writer or a doctor since I like biology . But I have realized that by just liking something that is related to it cannot assure someone to become that. Every ambition has so many fields to look through to achieve. One may not be successful in all the related paths but can be in at least a few. But now I feel its time for me to have a particular goal to reach. I don’t want to be focused completely on it but also want to be flexible at the same time. At home my father always dreams of me becoming a scientist like him, for that’s natural. But if anyone asks me now, about my ambition, may be it’s for sure I would like to tell I would become a scientist. This is not because my family wants it or because of their view, it’s because I have seen how life changes with a job like this. I always think of doing something different from others so that I am being recognized and also to do something new and worthy. A scientist lives with all reality. There is nothing better. I would love to work for the country’s development and to retain its prestige. As far as I have seen, I know that a scientist job would do better for me to do this. I don’t want to be just a scientist but also a researcher. A work becomes a research when one does something which is not known to the person doing which brings out wonders. I would like to learn every moment rather to do what others have done. It may be a hard job to do, but I like being complex. I want to work with others view to improve or invent something that is needed by the world. On a daily basis, I see my father’s work as a scientist or as a researcher discovering something that is unusual. Every day becomes a day to solve problems This very much surprises me . It also won’t be wrong to say that his works, deep involvement, seriousness, ect have actually put an impact on me. I would rather say, he has influenced me to carve out my future. I now dream to get into the field of my father and would put in a complete contribution to achieve my goal, by also having a complete support from my family . By becoming a scientist I will not only fulfill my parents dream but also can fulfill my wishes to live in my own way, with my own ideas like a free bird. I also wish to become a role modal to the rest of the world. The value of achievement lies in achieving. But at the same time I remember that it needs lot of work from now, only then can I turn a dream into reality. Sincere hard work always fetches. It may not just be a proud moment for me, but also for my parents and for my country. The will to succeed can overcome greatest adversity. So, my ambition to become a scientist begins or has already begun.

The Multifaceted Topic of Free College

The Multifaceted Topic of Free College In a world where blue-collar jobs are considered unappealing by many, an increasing amount of individuals have begun to choose to attend college in the hopes of achieving prestigious positions in the white-collar industry. Unfortunately, however, ones decision to further their education at post-secondary school can have one rather drastic unforeseen consequence: thousands of dollars worth of debt. As a result of this growing epidemic plaguing college students around the nation, rallying cries for free higher education have begun to spring up throughout the country. But, for as many logical, thought-out arguments that exist in support of free college, there are just as many against it. In fact, as highlighted in Dissent Magazines special issue titled Arguments on the Left, in which three different authors share their differing viewpoints regarding free higher education, this debate is anything but simple and is more complex than individuals would both hope and imagine. As a result, on e can only conclude that the idea of free college, while idealistic and tempting, is not completely beneficial nor easily achieved, especially after taking these three articles and their varying arguments into consideration. The first of the three articles, Tressie McMillan Cottoms Why Free College is Necessary, takes a die-hard stance on the supportive side of the free college debate. Believing that higher education should be free regardless of what it can and cannot achieve, Cottom preaches the words and ideas that every college student that has ever faced debt wants to hear. However, while Cottoms argument surely makes sense from the humanitarian side of things, it fails to delve into where the funds are going to come from. Logically speaking, funds from either the state or government that would help students attend college for free would come from the taxpayers own wallets. In a country that is already in a large amount of debt, with public institutions and services often taking the brunt of cutbacks, increasing the amount taxpayers have to contribute in order to provide students with a free college education shouldnt necessarily be a top priority. Additionally, Cottom states, An educational justice policy must include institutions of higher education but cannot only include institutions of higher education (Cottom). Unfortunately, this adds even more burden to an already overwhelming financial undertaking. According to this logic, this notion of free education must expand beyond the boundaries of college and into the realm of trade schools as well, which only increases the cost that cannot easily be paid. Furthermore, Cottom also points out that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦free college would likely benefit only an outlying group of students who are currently shut out of higher education because of cost (Cottom). While I wholeheartedly believe that everyone who wants to learn should, regardless of their economic standing, looking at the situation from this point of view can cause one to question the validity of the whole endeavor. That is, what way does it make sense to undertake such a huge financial burden if free college wont necessarily benefit everyone? Much like Cottoms argument, Mike Konczals article titled, Generation Debt, also approaches the topic of free higher education from a rather positive stance. Konczal proclaims that education is a right that every human should have access to, and insists that the government be the ones responsible for providing the service. However, instead of insinuating that higher education be provided for free, Konczal points out that part of the root of the problem regarding student debt in particular is the fact that there has been large-scale disinvestment from and privatization of post-secondary education. Arguing that, Higher educationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shouldnt be left to a handful of private schools, where administrators pursue their own objectives independent of public need, or to the market, which is only interested in how much it can profit at any given time (Konczal), he exposes the fact that colleges and universities around the nation are run more like businesses than anything else. In doin g this, students are placed at a disadvantage because they are merely pawns, often attending schools that exist not for the betterment of our nations citizens, but to exploit as much money as possible from the unsuspecting and undeserving. Only worsening the situation is the fact that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦public disinvestment in the states has been paired with generous tax cuts for rich individuals and corporations (Konczal). Combined with the money-making machine that is higher education, the fact that states have chosen to side with the rich and powerful instead of standing with their own constituents only ensures that the rich will get richer and the poor, poorer. Furthermore, as stated by Konczal, National conversations on higher education are often dominated by a few elite schools, so they ignore the promise of mobility offered by the state system (Konczal). As a result of this, community college is often frowned upon and deemed obscure, despite the fact that attending a two year sc hool can save students thousands of dollars. In addition to falling into the trap of capitalist-oriented colleges, many students also choose not to attend community college simply because it is not prestigious, thus further sentencing themselves into debt. The final article, Matt Bruenigs The Case against Free College, takes a rather different approach than the previous two articles when it comes to the free college debate. Overall, Bruenig argues that students already receive various forms of assistance for college in the form of grants, loans, and subsidies, which, in his opinion, is already giving more than what students should expect. In addition to this, Bruenig also articulates that providing even more than what is currently offered, or even making college free, would simply bring more inequality than social justice. Specifically, this is due to the fact that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦only around 20 percent of children from the poorest 2 percent of families in the country attend college. For the richest 2 percent of families, the same number is around 90 percent (Bruenig). So, providing a free college education to current college students would only continue to put those who are lower in the economic ranks at a disadvantage. Much like how Tressie McMillan Cottom admitted that free college would only benefit those who are currently excluded from higher education due to their economic standing, providing a free college education would only keep more money in the pockets of the rich. As a result, Bruenig states that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦making college free for everyone would almost certainly mean giving far more money to students from richer families than from poorer ones (Bruenig). Sure, providing free college education would give deprived students an opportunity to continue their education, but would do little in the long run when it comes to trying to reach a more egalitarian society. Once again, what are the benefits of free college education if it has the potential to only worsen the inequalities within American society and benefits only a small percentage of individuals? As a current college student, I could only hope and dream that a plan may arise in the near future that would eliminate or drastically cut college expenses, namely tuition. However, after reviewing the three articles in Dissent Magazines special issue titled Arguments on the Left, it has become clear that free college is not as beneficial or easily obtained as one would hope. While this notion of free college is tempting to say the least, it is certainly not feasible without a redesigned tax system, complete overhaul of higher education institutions and their intentions, and careful consideration regarding just who would be benefitting the most from free higher education. As it currently stands, free college will only benefit a small percentage of individuals, failing to address the capitalist nature of universities nationwide, while also acting as yet another way for the rich to keep hold of their wealth. However, it also must be stated that we must not give up hope and abandon the idea altogether. Although the cons currently outweigh the pros, there will one day be a way to implement a free college education system that benefits everyone without continuing to make the rich richer. As a nation, we must work towards that day together, implementing a foolproof plan to become a more egalitarian society without continuing to put thousands of young individuals into debt with the help of our current college system. Works Cited Bruenig, Matt. The Case against Free College. Dissent Magazine, Fall 2015, dissentmagazine.org/article/matt-bruenig-left-case-against-free-college. Accessed 28 Feb. 2017. Cottom, Tressie McMillan. Why Free College is Necessary. Dissent Magazine, Fall 2015, dissentmagazine.org/article/tressie-mcmillan-cottom-why-free-college-necessary. Accessed 28 Feb. 2017. Konczal, Mike. Generation Debt. Dissent Magazine, Fall 2015, dissentmagazine.org/article/mike-konczal-generation-debt-free-college-argument. Accessed 28 Feb. 2017.

Philips: Marketing, Launch and Sales Processes

Philips: Marketing, Launch and Sales Processes One of the most essential parts of managing a successful company is how successfully it manages to launch and market a new product in the market. It depends on the company whether they want marketing to be done individually for every product or in a set for a group of similar line products. The main reason of promoting a new product is to attract new customers to the company and make majority of your target market aware of the companys latest product. Without that there is a very minimum chance of you getting the attention of your focus group. Marketing is important for both, the product and the company that sells it. Branding is very important for the establishment and identity of a new product. Selling a product under a global brand gives your product worldwide recognition, which automatically helps in more sales. If the product is successful, you will have a product that sells for itself! Also, a new and innovative product gives more recognition to a brand and brings more audience. The product which I chose is a 3 in 1 kitchen appliance and the company I chose for the marketing, launch and sales of this product is Philips. Objective In this report, my goal is to find out how compatible is my product with the company I chose to sell it. I have to figure out how much that brand helps in establishing my product, and also that how my product is capable of increasing the brand value and audience of the respective company. For that I have done the company analysis and product analysis and finally the marketing strategy. Company background Philips is a world-wide renowned company for the simplicity and innovation they put in their products. The company has a rich profile, and some of its important aspects are briefly explained below. Philips marketing strategy Philips as a company believes in Improving peoples lives through meaningful innovations. Philips promotes themselves as a consumer-led company, thus all the RD (research development) processes are based on creating products that are aligned with the current needs and demands of the consumers. Philips distributes their products not only through physical stores but also through modern medium, like e-marketing, via their website. The company website provides detailed product information and prices, along with the latest promotional offers available. The website also helps in informing availability of their products in different countries world-wide. Products Philips has a wide product variety available for all types of customers in the market. Philips products are basically divided into the following categories- Mother and child care products: Feeding bottles, tethers and skin care products. Personal care: Shavers, hair styling products, hair removers, etc. Lighting: Apart from fixtures and mood lighting they also provide car lights. Recently they have started using LED lights. Audio and video products: Television, stereo, etc. Home appliances- Kitchen appliances, vacuum cleaner, ironing machine, etc. Phones desktops. Accessories: USB, remote control, electronic toothbrush, etc. Pricing strategy Philips uses Price differentiation strategy for setting price of their products. the price of Philips products are different in different countries, due to the use of different currencies and variation in the government regulations in different parts of the world. It is visible on Philips website also that there is a difference in the prices of the same product in different countries. Philips also uses the price differentiation strategy for a product in the same country. They will have different price for the same product, depending upon the version and quality of the product. Philips stores The main headquarters of Philips is located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Philips being a world renowned company, has its stores in more than 100 countries of the world (Australia New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, Mainland china, France, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, US, etc.), divided into 5 regions- North America, Latin America, Middle-East Africa, Europe and Asia-pacific. They have special promotional activities like contests, discounts, coupons, etc. during all festive seasons, to boost their sales. Philips also manages their sales through E-commerce. Promotional schemes Philips promotes its brand and products through a lot of mediums. They use billboards, print media, electronic media and internet for advertising their product. Being such a big company Philips always has to maintain their unique and new PR strategies and campaigns. Some of the best examples of Philips campaigns are- The product launch of kitchen appliance Air fryer was very successful, as they promoted it as a product which helps in a healthy and convenient way of cooking. Another promotional campaign was for Aurea T.V., where they hired a model for the promotion, as their promotional theme for the T.V. was seduction by light. Type of audience Philips deals with a wide range of target market, differing in age, culture, sex, status, etc., but most of the customers are loyal because they are satisfied with the brand promise that Philips fulfil. Philips products are not for conservative or sceptic audience. Philips audience are the people who believe in the brand, but are also willing to try the new innovative products that Philips comes up with. Philips products can be used at any time of the family life- cycle. Thus people around the world buy 1 million Philips consumer products every day. Brand identity Philips is a very strong brand name. It has positioned itself as a high quality and innovative brand. Their tag line is sense and simplicity, and that is exactly what they deliver through their products. One of the very important features of Philips is that they make useful, healthy, eco-friendly and innovative products. Their mission is to make cities liable by providing healthcare products, managing essential resources (like lighting) and supporting independent living. Philips increased its brand value by 8% to USD 8.3 billion in 2008. It was ranked 43rd most valuable brand in the inter-brand 2008 ranking of best global brands. Competitors Now-a-days due to increasing industrialization there is immense competition in every industry. There are a lot of companies making same products and trying to sell it in the market. It is the same with Philips. Philips has some direct competitors like Samsung, L.G., Sony and Panasonic who all make a wide variety of products. Apart from that it has some indirect competitors for various products, like- PG and Braun for Male dry shaving appliances Oral B for Power toothbrush KENWOOD for Food Preparation KRUPS for Drip filter coffee Companys SWOT Strengths: Wide variety of consumer lifestyle products and home appliances. Strong research and development processes. Simplicity and innovation as the theme of every product Large number of loyal customers Present in many countries around the world. Reputed and renowned brand name. Large base of copyright patents. Weakness: Late in development of new products. Distribution channel is not extensive. Price is comparatively higher than the competitors. Opportunities: The ever changing needs and preferences of the market. Increasing awareness of environmental friendly products. Technological advancements. Changing government regulations. Threats: Increasing competition. Dealing in different currencies of the world. Economic recession in future leading to less product consumption. Adapting to the fast changing business environment. Product analysis- Product- The product is basically a 3 in 1 kitchen appliance. It consists of a coffee maker, toaster and a skillet. An additional accessory (spatula) is available with the product. The specifications of the product are as follows:untitled.46.jpg Materials: ABS plastic, non-stick metal skillet, rubber stands. Temperature control knob for toaster Color schemes: Pink white, yellow white, Blue black and Orange white. Dimension: PeopleKomal appliance 1.jpg The product is precisely targeted for audience who are always busy in their work life, and has no time in the hectic mornings to prepare a proper breakfast. The target market is bachelors who may be studying or working; or newlyweds. People who are innovators will definitely try this one. Acoording to the price, middle class and lower upper class will buy the product. Price This appliance is definitely cheaper than the price of a coffee maker, a toaster and a pan separately. Komal appliance 3.jpg Place As this a product for working generation, the placement should be done in metropolitan cities. This product has no boundaries of religion or community so it can be presented in any country which is developed or developing. A high end mall is very good place for this product, as every one visits malls on weekends. Promotion The key point for promotion will be its compact design and easy usage. This product is 3 in 1, thus it can do 3 tasks in the time of 1 and save time, which is the highlight of the product. The product will be marketed as The appliance of youth.br4dvb 5.jpg It can be launched in a set of color schemes and graphics. So any gender or culture audience can buy it. It can be promoted through commercials, print media and billboards. Side 1.jpg Komal appliance 2.jpg SWOT of the product Strength New and innovative concept Saves time and money due to its 3 in 1 applaince concept, which can attract the target market. Available in different colors and design, so audience has a freedom of choice. Simple interface and easy usability. Weakness Not fully developed and tested A large number of market is not the focus of product. Opportunity Can be advertised as The appliance for fast pace lifestyle Many features can be improvised and then the company can come up with a new and improved version of the product. There is no similar product in the market, so there is no comparison bar for setting the cost. Threat People may be apprehensive about a new concept, thus the product can fail in the market. There is no reason for audience to trust a new product without any brand name or garuntee. Possibility of the idea being copied by other companies. Marketing plan for product launch Competitors- Philips being a very reputed and experienced company in the household appliance sector has to face stiff competition from other companies, like BRAUN, Morphy Richards, etc. However the 3 in 1 appliance (coffee maker + toaster + skillet) is a novel idea which is first of its kind in the industry. This appliance, therefore, will give Philips the first mover advantage and competitive edge over its competitors. Target the ideal customers- The appliance has a limited range on the target customer profile, but under Philips, who has a very strong and loyal customer base, it will still have a large number of audiences fitting in the customer range. Below are the exact details of what the audience will be like. Age: 18- 30 year old is the main age group for this product. Household income: As this product is a worldwide launch, a fix house hold income cant be estimated. But the target market for this appliance is the families from upper middle class and lower upper class. Geographical location: The product is such that it can be used all around the world, by people of any nationality or culture. Philips products are sold in more than 100 countries around the world, thereby providing a huge customer base for the product. Work situation: the work situation of the target market can be of 2 types- Young adults staying away from their family for studies. People who have a 9 to5 job and very hectic mornings. Create a unique value proposition- This appliance has a lot of special features that set it apart from other company products and gives Philips an advantage of coming up with a one of its kind new and innovative appliance. Saves time: the product can perform three different tasks, meant for three different kitchen products, in the time of one, due to its 3 in 1 engineering feature. This saves a lot of time and energy of the user. it can be healthy in a way because those who used to skip there proper breakfast because of hectic mornings will now be able to get an ideal breakfast without compromising much on time. Saves money: It obviously saves a lot of money if you can just buy 1 product instead of three! Philips products are mostly a little high prized compared to other brands, because of its product quality and brand name. This may cause losing some customers who have a lower budget. But this 3 in 1 appliance is an exception, as it will cost efficient compared to the price range of other Philips products. here is the approximate difference- Good quality toaster (49 S$) + good quality coffee maker (49 S$) + an average skillet (50 S$) = approximately 150 S$ Whereas, the 3 in 1 appliance, roughly, will only costs around 80 S$, saving approximately 50- 70 S$. Compact design: In todays world everybody wants a product which consumes less space and is easily movable. Plus the ideal market for this product will potentially be the people living in apartments or condos, which mean they will not have a lot of space in their kitchen for bulky appliances. This product surely is a relief for them, because like all other Philips products, this one is also compact. Easy and quick: As all the processes of the appliance are engineered to be automatic and has storage for water / milk and coffee; there is any need of adding the ingredients every time you use the appliance. Easy cleaning: The material of the appliance is glossy plastic on the outside and the inner parts like the storage of coffee and water are detachable; also the skillet is removable. So it becomes very easy for the user to clean the appliance from outside and inside. Moreover, there are rubber stands under the appliance so that its easy to shift and clean the bottom surface of the product. Opportunity of choice: Philips has always given choices of colors to the users in most of their products. But this product is one step ahead. It not only has color preferences but also comes in 3 different graphics on the outer body- plain, waves and floral designs. People always love to be able to choose their favourite from all the given choices, than being forced to buy a product which has no color/ design preferences. Uniformity: The product can be a huge success in the market because of 1 more reason- coffee is a worldwide beverage, thus giving the product a good chance of being accepted all over the world. Marketing strategy and tactics- As mentioned in the report earlier, Philips pays a lot of attention on how well the product is marketed and launched; and spends accordingly on the promotion. This can be very beneficial for promoting a new product in the market, under the brand name of Philips. The target market being a new age generation, the strategy will be more concentrated on usage of modern age media like internet social network website. Apart from that Philips already has its own official website which is very explanatory of its products. The usage of print media like newspapers and magazines etc. is also necessary to spread the product information to a large number of audiences. Outdoor advertising like Billboards, bus-stops advertisements near universities/ colleges and central business district is very important to reach the exact target market. Lastly one of the most used advertising sources, television commercials, can also be used for a better marketing of the product experience. Testing concept and marketing approach- Testing of the product can be done through a lot of mediums. Philips places its products in famous retail outlets, like big bazaar in India or courts in Singapore, which are nationally recognized and visited by many people. This gives Philips products an opportunity to come across a large number of audiences. The same tactics can be used for the testing of the new product. the 3 in 1 appliance can be displayed on a stall in these stores and people by passing the stall can see the demonstration of the working appliance, as well as can use it themselves to better understand the features of the products. Online surveys can be done asking suggestions about the concept and aesthetic appeal of the product. Lastly, Philips can give a money back or product exchange guarantee to first 10,000 customers of the appliance, all over the world. They can ask those customers for their feedback on what they felt went wrong and accordingly do changes in the product, if needed. Rolling out campaign- This is the time when Philips brand name plays a very important role. There are 3 ways of campaigning for the appliance- Showing testimonials of the users of the product on T.V. commercials. This way people will relate more to the product. Sponsoring an event related to cooking/ cookery shows for e.g. Master Chef, so at the end the show will advertise Philips kitchen appliances, including the 3 in 1 appliance. Sponsoring a cookery competition, and giving the product as a gift to the winner. Know your product lifecycle- Any product has 4 main phase of its life. Below is the chart showing the lifecycle of the sales of any product. Introduction- First six months, sales of the product will be slow. Buyers who are innovators will mostly use the product. Growth- With the increasing promotion by Philips, after six months of launch, the product will have increasing sales. By then people who are loyal to the Philips brand will start buying it. Maturity- By now everybody see the product as an established and reliable product. Now the product will reach the peak sales and also the onset of decline due to the possible launch of similar products by the competitors. Decline- this is the time when the product loses its novelty factors and there will be a need to rethink the product attributes and come up with a better version as soon as possible. Conclusion In the end I think that Philips as a brand is perfect for the kind of product I have designed. It really will help the product with the brand name of Philips. Similarly I think Philips can also gain more number of audiences because of my product.

Essay --

Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is refers to the enterprise to create profits, bear legal responsibility to shareholders, while also taking into account the impact on the result of the various stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility is an important way towards sustainable development, it is consistent with the reasonable expectations of the business community as a whole, not only will not divert energy companies, but also improve the competitiveness of enterprises and reputation. As a supplier of energy to approximately 5% of Americans and more than 40% of Californians, PG&E is the investor-owned utilities company, which provide natural gas and electricity and focus on Hydroelectric, Nuclear, Fossil fuels and Solar power. (PG&E, 2014) PG&E has a long-term strategy in environmental sustainability to addressing the climate change issue. Their economic vitality sustainability programmes focus on bringing economic benefits to the communities as part of corporate social respo nsibility. Like the PG&E company channelled $2.5 million to economic development charitable commitment in 2013.( PG&E, 2013) Economic benefit and social impact PG&E Company seeks to exceed the current standard of environmental protection. They decided to improve the standard of management system, which can help them to innovate some environmental protection programs. Moreover, PG&E train all the employees on sense of environmental protection. Facing with long-term sustainability environmental strategy, lots of investor will be willing to invest some new clean power that can both protect environment and raise the profit. Therefore, PG&E improve efficiency at the power like solar, bio energy and hydro energy. The ripple effect, which PG&... ...successfully achieved CSR in many ways. In order to meet a satisfactory CO2 output, such utility enterprise needed to create a strategy that can adapt different situation in climate change, PG&E is a responsible enterprise that obeying CSR development as well as any social impact while making profit. Win-win strategy is a really good example for pre planning the company strategy to face up coming challenge and also gives you a overview about the performance of the company itself. In the Win-win strategy, PG&E seek to find out some ways to create some renewable and clean energy like Hydro energy and solar power. This will be a huge step for PG&E to become more environmental friendly. In this action, investor, researcher, customer and environmentalist, all of them think that PG&E performing well. The position of PG&E in FT Global 500 will be rising in the future.

Boeing :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paper on video â€Å"21st century jet†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this paper, I would like to discuss on the video, â€Å"21st century jet.† This video is about the launching and testing of the airplane by the Boeing company, 777.The 777 family is designed to fill the size gap between the 767 and 747.The head of the 777 project is Allen Millaley, who promised to do many things which are impossible, produced the plane which is more reliable than any other plane in the aviation history. The first large passenger jet designed completely by computer, the 777 is more complex and innovative than any other airliner ever built. The important thing in this project was, at the peak of the design effort, there were 238 teams using computing technology to design the 777.Design engineers and manufacturing engineers worked concurrently on the design of parts to decrease later change orders and to increase efficiency in building and installing those parts. Outside suppliers and airline customers also are represented on some teams. According to one of the supervisor of a team, the traditional way of bringing problem is testing and more testing. Boeing 777 is the most tested airplane in the aviation history. Operations of flight controls, the reliability of electronics, all of these things tested and retested by the teams of engineers. Boeing has built new laboratory for 777 in which 10000 workers worked. The engineers did the first ground test of 777 in Nov’93. During the first testing flight only the pilot and co pilot were on board. The problem occurred during the first test flight was the hydraulic leakag e on the left side. After the first flight, several meetings held in which engineers tried to figure out the problem they had during the first test flight. After that the engineers made the successful testing flight. The Boeing 777-300, earned type certification from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA), on May 4, 1998. The jet also received FAA approval for 180-minute extended-range, twin-engine operations (ETOPS). This marks the first time any airplane manufacturer has received both approvals on the same day. The certification formally recognizes that the 777-300 has successfully passed all of the stringent testing and safety requirements of the regulatory agencies and is ready to enter passenger service.

Uncovering the Truth: Fad Diets

Uncovering the Truth: Fad Diets Uncovering the Truth: Fad Diets Longing for perfection has always been the driving force behind the development of civilization and the inventive spirit of the human being. We want to be perfect in every aspect of our lives: family, work, wealth, appearance and health. Lately society has turned its attention on appearance and health. With shows like Biggest Loser, a reality television series that follows overweight people learning to live and maintain a healthy lifestyle while competing against other contestants on the show to lose the most amount of weight, becoming increasingly popular and countless amounts of weight loss books filling up the shelves in bookstores; it seems that our society is focusing more strongly on getting physically fit and healthy. While some people choose physical activity to maintain their bodies in good shape, others prefer a passive way of dieting. Dieting originated as a way to maintain a healthy lifestyle. While dieting, the dieter finds a way to organize their eating habits so that the food they consume decreases or stabilizes their weight safely. Although people continue to use dieting as a tool for healthy weight loss, the diversity of diets today is overwhelming. The popularity of dieting has began to overshadow its essence, in turn causing people to abuse diets and show slight consideration to the ways dieting can actually influence a persons’ body. In some cases diets have proven to be of paramount importance to a person’s life, weight experts have determined that a well designed diet-and-exercise program can improve your odds of succeeding at weight management and cure things such as diabetes: Type Two. But in many cases, diets abuse persons’ physical health and mental sanity. A special term has been invented for the types of unhealthy diets that involve restricted nutrition and/or limit the amount of the necessary to normal functioning of one’s organism calories, promising quick and easy weight-loss. Subsequently, they are referred to as fad diets. This is a look at some of society’s most popular fad diets and their effects. Description of Fad Diets These are some of the most popular diets out now:  · Low-Carbohydrate/High-Protein Diets  · High Carbohydrate/Low Fat Diets  · Controlled Portion Size Diets  · Liquid Diets  · Dieting Pills  · Cabbage Soup Diet The first diet type we look at is currently one of the most followed plans in the world. These are known as Low-Carbohydrate (CHO)/Low Fat Diets. Although there are many different versions of these diets the basis for them is the same. These diets declare that the source of the weight problem is CHO, thus concluding that if CHO is eliminated; the dieter will successfully lose weight. For instance, the core of the very popular Atkins diet is based around the theory that significant consumption of CHO is the specific cause for obesity. Therefore, Atkins restricts the dieters’ daily CHO intake and reduces their caloric intake to between 1,200 and 1,800. Atkins, 1992) In general, this type of dieting allows such foods as meats, poultry, fish, eggs, CHO-low vegetables, and butter-although prohibiting CHO products (bread, pasta, potatoes, etc. ). Although dieters may lose weight at first, the grave reality about these diets is that the food plan they propose is not entirely safe. While on these diet plans, the body misses out on vitamin B and C and other essential nutrients. This is due to the lack of fruits, whole grains, an d fibers allowed in this diet. Furthermore, the dieters’ run the risk of damaging the normal functioning of their kidneys. Without CHO to use for fuel, the body switches into a metabolic state called ketosis. When the body is in ketosis, it gathers energy from ketones- a form of carbon that is created from the breakdown of fat. The more ketones in the body, the harder the kidneys have to work to filter those ketones out. Making the kidneys work over like that can result in renal failure. (Pasternak, 2006) Next we look at another popular diet fad type, although not as popular as the low carbohydrate diets, High Carbohydrate (CHO)/Low Fat diets are quickly gaining momentum. This is thanks in large part to Dr. Dean Ornish’s Eat More Weigh Less Diet, also known as the Ornish Diet. These diet plans focus not on the amount of calories being consumed, but rather on the CHO/ fat balance in meals. On the Ornish Diet foods that are allowed to be eaten in any quantity and at any time include vegetables, fruits, and grains. Some foods, such as low-fat dairy products, may be consumed in small quantities. However, there are food types that are strictly forbidden as part of the diet plan, among these are foods are meat, oils, nuts, sugar, and dairy product that are not low-fat. Ornish, 2007) Unfortunately, these diets do not make a clear distinction between the good fat and the bad fat. Since the emphasis is based so strongly on fats dieters are lead to believe that fat itself is the problem. In actuality the most dangerous fat is transient fat, which may be found in cookies, while animal fats are known to be beneficial to the human organism. For example, it is common knowledge that fish and nu ts contain fats that help the human body fight heart disease. We need to be aware of what is good and bad for the body so we know what kind of foods to eat and what the limit is. The next diet we look at is much different from the previous one’s we have looked at. Unlike the CHO eliminating or fat eliminating diets, The Volumetric Plan Diet claims that what is being consumed is not what counts, rather how much one eats at a time. (Rolls and Barnett, 2000) This type of dieting teaches to control the whole process of eating by checking the size of the serving for each meal and mastering the number of meals a day a person has. Consequently, these diets do not address the quality of the food pattern; they instead concentrate on servings. For example, The Volumetric Weight Control Plan suggests that the dieter lower their caloric intake by 1,000 calories. (Rolls and Barnett, 2000) While the plan explains very well how to count calories, they neglect to inform dieters of the healthy choice of foods that should be consumed. Abiding by this fad dieting can be mentally stressful as the dieter feels enormous guilt if they stray from the diet. Also, this diet makes it justifiable to consume unhealthy food, by allowing the dieter to limit the unhealthy food to small portions but with no limits as to how many times a day it should be consumed. Liquid Fad diets establish liquids as the main element of the diets. Commonly, these liquids come in the form of shakes or juices. The severe form of this diet requires consumption of liquid only; nevertheless, there is a lighter approach when shakes substitute one or two meals. This is an extremely low-calorie type of fad diet. Its main drawback is the short-term results it produces. Though manufacturers claim that the liquids purify the organism, there is not essential scientific evidence to support this claim. The facts are that this diet works by diminishing the calories intake. However, this is achieved through low nutrition value the liquids. General consequences from these diets include frequent colds, hair loss, and fatigue. Absence of natural sources of vitamins and microelements such as fruits and vegetables may also lead to digestion disorders. Another type of diet plan that may lead to digestion disorders, among other things, is fairly considered the most hazardous of all the fad diets. In the past two decades, Americans have spent billions of dollars on diet pills. Though diet pills offer quick solution to the problems of being overweight, they do not deliver the promised result. In the case we will look at phenylpropanolamine (PPA). PPA is one of the most widely used hunger suppressants. PPA affects the hypothalamus, the control center of the brain; it interrupts the hypothalamus from telling the brain that the body is hungry, thus, causing a person to eat less. The negative side of PPA is that you must stay on it to curb your appetite and some of the more mild side affect are irrability, palpitation of the heart and being tired. More serious side effects include cardiac arrhythmias, intracerebral hemorrhage and psychosis. Concluding our diet types is the widespread Cabbage Soup Diet. A unique fact about this diet is that no one really knows where it originated from. The cabbage soup diet recommends that the dieter eat little more than cabbage soup throughout the day. By cycling on and off of the diet (7 days on, 14 off) it guarantees the dieter that they will lose anywhere from ten to twenty pounds in a weeks’ time. (Danbrot, 1997) The truth about this diet is that it restricts your caloric intake to less than 1,000 a day. There are no proteins or fats in this diet and an unhealthy amount of vitamins and minerals are missing. Pasternak, 2006) Side effects of this diet include: diarrhea, light headedness and abdominal pain. These are some of the most popular diets being used by people today. We have seen the diets and learned all of the negative e physical reaction our bodies may have to them, but dieters also run a risk of being physiologically affected by these diets. Physical and Physiologica l Consequences of Fad Dieting In general, fad diets are usually low-calorie diets that result in a quite sufficient weight loss over a short period of time. However, it is deceptive because it is not fat-loss, but instead water-loss. Weight is simply gained back when a person returns to their normal eating habits. Latest research shows that such a pattern causes risk of obesity and may lead to anorexia or bulimia. Two-thirds of the human organism consists of water, thus, a considerable water-loss to the body results in dehydration. Dehydration, in return, will lead to weakness and reduction in urine and sweat production, which may also lead to an electrolyte imbalance. Electrolytes live in our blood and plasma, and their job is to transmit nerve impulses throughout the body. McBride, 2008, June 11)Since electrolytes are fluid-based, drastic water loss through extreme dieting or vomiting can rapidly lower the amount of this essential substance. Less liquid in the organism can lead to a nervous breakdown or heart attack. Furthermore, fad diets may lead to a number of different conditions. Diets that encourage you to eliminate milk, oil, potatoes may lead to deficiency vitamin A, which is immensely important for a h ealthy functioning of the body. In actuality all the fad diets covered in this paper lacked adequate nutritional value. Diets, like Atkins for example, do not provide the vitamins the dieter needs, or micro-elements, such as zinc and calcium to maintain a healthy body. The human body needs a well-rounded nutrition that includes all the vitamins and micro-elements available. If these vitamins are omitted on a day-to-day basis it will inevitably result in energy depletion and quick wearing out of the internal organs. The first sign that your diet is a poor nutrition choice is experiencing sleeping disorders which eventually may lead to memory deterioration. Malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In 60% of all COPD patients are malnutrition is seen but only 29% of those patients have a body weight equal to or above 90% of ideal body weight. (Consequences of Poor dieting, 2010)Another result of lacking the necessary vitamins is considerable hair loss as a reaction by the hair follicles to the shock the organism is experiencing. As a result of being on a diet, the dieter my not get any satisfaction from what he or she is eating. Desire for receiving pleasure from food is natural to the human being; accordingly lack of satisfaction is one of the main reasons why many people drop dieting early on. When abiding by the diet, the restricted product becomes the obtrusive idea, and the longer the person stays on a diet, the more frustrated they become. Before long, the desire to eat the prohibited food item overcomes their fear of failing the quest for weight loss. As a result of the struggle they face, the dieter may start consuming much more calories than they actually need, or used to eat before becoming a dieter and quickly gain the weight (Medina, Dieting and its Consequences, n. d. ) Likewise, the dieter may develop food obsession, from pickiness to constant counting of calories. Whether the person is still on a diet or not, their mind still functions as that of a dieter, which will include all of the damaging consequences; including depression. In conclusion, the research carried out in this work has shown that fad diets present unconditional danger to health and may lead to serious dysfunctions. Satisfying our needs is the natural law of life. Dieting requires us to ignore the natural necessity of the human body. No matter how attractive fad diets may seem, it is highly recommended they be avoided. A quickly- achieved result is not a sufficient price for damaged health. Instead of eliminating essential nutrients from the menu, dieters should focus on keeping a healthy eating plan that includes different types of foods rich in vitamins and micro-elements. Healthy habits, such as being physically active, are an excellent way to permanently lose extra weight with the benefit of improving their health. References Atkins, R. , MD. , (1992). Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution. New York: HarperCollins Consequences of Poor Diets (2010, January 03) retrieved from: http://www. diagnose-me. com/cond/C2556. html Danbrot, M. (1997) The New Cabbage Soup Diet. New York: St. Martins Press Medina, J. (n. d) Diet and its consequences. Retrieved from http://www. helium. com/item/944418-diet-and-its-consequences McBride,H. (2008, June 11) Health consequences of dangerous dieting. Retrieved from http://www. obesity –treatment. com/feature/health Ornish,D. , MD. (2007) The Spectrum. New York: Ballantine Books Pasternak, H. , M. Sc (2006) The 5-Factor Diet. New York: Ballantine Books Rolls, B. , PhD & Barnett,R. A. , (2000) The Volumetrics of Weight-Control Plan. New York: HarperCollins Zelman,K. , MRH, RD, LD (2008, January 24) Retrieved from: Webmd. com/diet/liquid diets.