Human Development free essay sample

A comparison of two literary works to describe what it means to be human and the processes of human development. (more)

Writer#8217;s Manual for Research Paper on Child Development

Writer#8217;s Manual for Research Paper on Child Development Writing a research paper is not as daunting as some people like to believe. If you have the required information, you can create a compelling paper in no time. And to be able to do so, you need to learn the methods and techniques that outline an exemplary research paper. However, knowing how a research paper is written alone is not really that beneficial. To compose a perfect research paper on child development, you have to read our previous two guides i.e. 10 facts for a research paper on child development and 20 child development research paper topics. These two guidelines will play a vital role in allowing you to write quickly and effectively – leaving you worry free at the time of need. Composing an Attractive Title A title is what really attracts your audience to read your research paper. It is the first thing they will notice about it. You should compose a persuasive title by providing insights to what the reader is going to find inside the paper. You should also try to indicate the variables, both independent and dependent ones. Writing the Abstract The abstract, in general terms, is a brief summary of your content in your research paper. It contains your research question, hypothesis (if there is any) and the discoveries along with the studies you have done on that particular topic. You can also discuss the resources and samples that you’ll use in your paper. Composing the Introduction of Your Paper Introduction is one of the most important paragraphs of your research paper. If your title is attractive, but your introduction isn’t convincing, the reader would not want to read further. To compel the reader to read further, you have to speak clearly. Tell your readers about the problem you’ll be discussing. Describe the research that you did on the problem or topic and sprinkle some information on sources and evidence that support your research and point of view. Concluding everything very briefly would allow the reader to know what’s coming in the next paragraphs and he’ll be interested to read it further. To refine the introduction even further, you have to define issues and problems that would later lead to you research. Explain the variables (independent and dependent) of your research/experiment. Define why you were eager to study this phenomenon in the first place and add some little personal touch to it while describing it. You can also include the hypothesis right after that. Plus, you can define some significant concepts that will be mentioned in your paper but it’s considered optional. Finally, don’t forget to conclude your introduction with a clear and concise delimitation focus. Writing the Body of Your Research Paper Once you have gone through the beginning, it’s time that you start working on the main body of your paper. These paragraphs should be properly organized and must be full of information. Each paragraph should only talk about a particular research that you have done with proper source. Concluding the Paper with Documentation Documenting the sources in your research paper is necessary because it clarifies that your research is original and authentic and it is not a copied version of the sources you used. It also helps the reader know that you have a good understanding of the topic that you have chosen to research on. And of course, if you forget to include the documentation then your research may be suspected as plagiarized content. Don’t forget to include the bibliography of the sources that you have use. It’s a must to let readers know that your research is authentic and has been borrowed from some credible sources. In other words, it helps define your research as an unbiased version of your opinion, based mostly on facts and nothing else. That’s about it! Once you have concluded the paper. It’s time to take a break. Once reenergized, go through your paper and correct mistakes to have a perfect output. Remove parts that might seem a bit excessive, add information that would make your paper better. Don’t forget to look for outline mistakes and grammatical errors and consider revising again. The more you revise, the better your research paper would become. Now you’re reading to write an exemplary research paper on child development. Be sure to read our first and second guide as well, if you haven’t already. Happy writing!

The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a very useful model and it is used Essay

The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a very useful model and it is used widely in the industry even though it is based on very strong assumptions. Discuss in the light of recent developments in the area - Essay Example recent developments to see if it can be considered a credible and reliable model for asset pricing and forecasting for today’s dynamic business environment. The CAPM is seen as an asset pricing method which gives a theoretical determination of the required rate of return of an asset, given the condition that the asset is being added to an existing well-diversified portfolio (Berk, 1995). This means that estimating the rate of return of an asset based on the CAPM requires that the asset in question will not be an independent asset being invested but part of a portfolio considered to be well-diversified. Again, Fama & French (2002) stressed that the use of CAPM in asset pricing must be based on the use of assets which are considered non-sensitive to non-diversified risks which come as either systematic risk or market risk. In short, the asset must be a risk-free asset which guarantees the repayment of interest and principal with absolute certainty (Banz, 1981). There are several determinants and variables used in the calculation of CAPM and hence the CAPM formula. There are generally traditional and modified formulas for CAPM but this pap er is limited to the use of the traditional formula. Fama & French (1992) stressed that for CAPM usage, it is important that the expected return on the capital asset E(Ri), which can only be known when the risk-free rate of interest Rf, sensitivity of the expected excess asset or beta ßi, expected return of the market E(Rm), and market premium E(Rm) – Rf are all known. With these known, it is possible to obtain the CAPM given as For the actual applicability of the equation and SML to function, there are very important assumptions that must hold. In all, CAPM makes use of nine assumptions which are briefly analysed as follows. The first is that investors aim to maximise economic utilities. Based on this assumption, investors would only want to go into investments that have asset quantities that are known and fixed so that the

An Exceptional Leader Lee Cockerell Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Exceptional Leader Lee Cockerell - Case Study Example Disney World was opened in 1971 inspired by the dreams of Walt Disney who wanted a theme park on the east coast that could supplement the Disney land in California (WDW, 2011). Lee Cockerell founded the Lee Cockrell LLC company. The company is a leadership, management and consulting company that specializes in leadership and management training with an emphasis on how to create world-class customer services through exceptional leadership. The company works on the principle that there are many products and services in the market which are very similar; it is only through the interaction between the employees and the customers that make the difference and gives the organization the competitive advantage (Horn, 2011). He speaks at various conferences, training people in a very simple down-to-earth style that relates to everyone listening to him. Lee has long experience in the hospitality industry and has worked with very many companies all over the world including the Hilton Hotels Corp oration, Marriot Hotels, and Resort before finishing off at the famous Walt Disney Company (Horn, 2011). It is after retiring that he formed his own company in order to share what he has learned all the years in the world’s biggest companies. ...Banks cannot lend them money because they do not have the experience to run the company and secondly is that they do not have security with which the banks can take in case they fail to repay the loaned money (Awogbenle & Iwuamadi, 2010). This becomes a big challenge and many people often fail to start businesses because of this problem. Cockrell was also faced with the same problem and this is well explained because of his poor background. He was just a farm boy and he did not have enough money that could help him start any business. Though he tried to seek for ways he did not get any far because of the same reasons explained above (Cockrell, 2008). Many people and companies face the same problem at the start but once they are runnin g they are able to secure funding from other sources such as banks and other financial institutions that help them in the running of the business. The second problem that faced Lee was the lack of managerial skills. Just like other entrepreneurs, many of them begin with very little knowledge of how to run a business. They lack the essential management skills that are very important in ensuring that people and other resources are managed effectively so as to produce outcomes (Crispen Chipunza, 2011). The result is usually disastrous with many of the businesses closing down because of poor management. Many examples exist in the world today of such business and there are also many examples of people who have failed because of lack of managerial and leadership skills. Lee saw this and decided to pursue a degree in management so that he could understand better how to run a business effectively.

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example Thus, contemporary KM theories can roughly be classified into three major categories: 1. Technology-focused: primary focus on the enhancement of technologies that facilitate sharing/growth of knowledge. 2. Organisational: designing and reshaping the organisational environment in a way to facilitate knowledge processes. 3. Ecological: focus on the interaction process within the organisational environment involving people, knowledge and environmental factors (Gordon & Edge, 1997). A similar categorisation of the KM approaches is suggested in perhaps the only formal taxonomy of KM up to date. Michael Earl (2001) based his research on comprehensive empirical data to identify three major schools of KM: Technocratic: emphasis on information or technologies of KM. Economic: knowledge should be managed similarly to other assets (e.g. stock, bonds, etc). Behavioural: focus on knowledge exchange as a fundamentally social process (p. 224). However, modern models and theories of models are often difficult to fit in this taxonomy due to their integrative nature which encompasses elements of each school. The below overview provides some key concepts and theories associated with effective KM system. Main Body One popular KM approach widely used these days is a so-called 'pragmatic management'. Though it is not classified in the Earl's classical taxonomy pragmatic management is recently becoming increasingly popular, especially in the small to middle organisations. This approach seems rather close to Earl's behavioural paradigm that views knowledge management and knowledge exchange as fundamentally social processes. The main difference of this paradigm lies in the fact that it doesn't imply serious investments in the employees and their all-round... this paper describes the basic idea of knowledge management which is universal – doing what is needed to get the most out of knowledge resources – its practical implementation may vary in each particular case. The variations are not too serious and mostly concern the share of attention paid to either technological or human aspect of KM while the key principles remain similar in the modern models of KM: explicit and tacit knowledge, interactive nature of KM processes, increased attention cognitive and motivational aspects of KM. Therefore, the differences in KM systems implemented are mostly associated with different organizational structures and demands of the companies. Although the challenges related to designing/implementation of effective KM strategy are serious the practice continues to demonstrate that they are not compelling. The most essential of these challenges are identified in the professional literature as well as the alternative ways and tools to cope with them. Tu sum up this paper approves that the major factors contributing to the failures of knowledge management strategies are highly changeable global environment, coupled with failure to take a holistic approach to designing the system of knowledge management, and substantial resources required to design and implement a truly effective KM programme. Evidently, the first of these drawbacks has received better recognitions from the theorists whom develop KM models, programmes, and strategies for modern organisations.

Impact of Down Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis

Impact of Down Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis Chantelle Bailey In this assignment I will discuss the using research to explain the impact of Down syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis on the individual and the society (family, NHS, family, friends and schooling). I will also identify specific examples of chromosome mutations and why they are so significant to each one (mentioned above). Downs Syndrome Down’s syndrome (Down syndrome) is a genetic disorder that causes some level of learning disabilities and a distinctive kind of physical features. There are three types of Down syndrome which I will talk about individually these are Trisomy 21, Translocation and Mosaicism. These are the chromosome mutations which cause Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder triggered by an error in cell division. This is when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two copies. This disorder can lead to impairments in both mental ability and physical development that can range from minor to moderate developmental disabilities. A lot of babies born with Down’s syndrome are diagnosed with the disorder after birth these babies are likely to have some of the following. Have reduced muscle tone which can lead to floppiness (hypotonia) Their eyes will slant upwards and outwards. They might have a palmar crease where they only have one crease across their palm. There average weight and length might be below a normal baby. They might have a small nose and flattened nasal bridge. A smaller mouth A sandal gap (where they have a big space between their first and second toe. Children with Down syndrome may share some common physical traits; they do not all look the same. Their personalities will vary and their ability to do things. All babies born with Down syndrome will have some form of learning disability it will be different to each individual child. In some circumstances, babies who have the disorder are identified before birth through antenatal screening for Down’s syndrome. If you have positive results for Down syndrome there will be further tests available to decide how likely it is. The screening tests won’t tell you for definite if your baby has Down’s syndrome. The only definite way to see if your baby has Downs syndrome is to take a sample of the baby’s blood. Antenatal screening is offered to pregnant women of any age for genetic disorders. However the disorder is still often diagnosed after birth, so they can see the physical characteristics of the baby. Antenatal screening is a way to assess the possibility of your baby having or developing and abnormality disorder during pregnancy. The test should be offered at the end of the first trimester (11-13 weeks). It is possible to have the screening up to 20 weeks of pregnancy although you may have to have more blood tests. The screening tests can help reassure you that your baby has no detected abnormalities, help give you time to be ready for the arrival of baby who has additional needs and enable you to come to a decision about maybe even terminating the pregnancy. The testing can provide vital information for the care you receive during your pregnancy. However no test can ensure your baby will be born without an abnormality of some kind as some abnormalities may remain undetected. If your test comes back as high you might be offered pre-natal diagnostic tests. This is where they will find how likely it is that your baby will be born with a suspected condition (will never be 100% accurate). The testing they used to diagnose during pregnancy is known as the â€Å"combined test† this will include a blood test and ultrasound scan. A sample of your blood is taken and tested this is to check the levels of certain hormones and proteins. If your blood test comes back which contains abnormal levels of these substances (proteins and hormones), you will have an increased chance of having a baby with Down’s syndrome. When you have an ultrasound scan (nuchal translucency) they will measure the fluid behind the baby’s neck the thickness of this fluid will help in determining whether or not your baby is likely to have downs syndrome. If your baby has a chance of this condition you may be advised by the doctor to have further tests. These tests will probably be Chronic villus sampling or amniocentesis (this will happen whilst the baby is in the womb). Both of these tests carry complications but you will be told about them when you have these tests. Chronic villus sampling (CVS) comprises of taking a sample of the placenta for closer examination. CVS is performed after 10 weeks of pregnancy. The sample is done by passing a small needle through your abdomen or vagina and neck of your womb (cervix). The needle is guided into the correct position whilst having an ultrasound scan. The sample will be sent for testing and the results will come back to let you know of your baby has Down’s syndrome. The complications which can arise from this test are infection, heavy bleeding and even miscarriage. 1 in every 100women will miscarry following CVS. Amniocentesis comprises of a small sample of the fluid which surrounds the baby (amniotic fluid) for closer examination. This test is usually carried out after 15 weeks of pregnancy and can be done up to week 22. The same way CVS is taken through the abdomen will be used for this test and with an ultrasound scan. They will use a syringe and take a sample of the fluid and will be sent for testing. The complications which can arise from this is infection and injury to you or your baby. There is also a 1 in 100 chance of miscarriage the same with CVS. When you are informed of the outcome of your tests you might find this difficult to deal with. Obviously there will be an impact on not only your lives but also going through with the pregnancy. The baby will need more attention than a normal baby throughout its life so the impact can be difficult. The parents will be offered counselling where they can discuss this and the impact of this. It will help to make an informed decision whether or not to carry on with the pregnancy. After the birth of your baby (when you have gone ahead with the pregnancy) is when the initial diagnosis is made based upon your baby’s physical appearance. For a doctor to definitely diagnose Down’s syndrome they eill do a blood test called karyotype (this is where the chromosomes in the blood are analysed) if the results come back and it has found your baby has an extra 21 chromosome your baby will be officially diagnosed with Down’s syndrome. Like I mentioned before there are three types of Down’s syndrome and I will go through each one and explain what they are. Trisomy 21(nondisjunction) Trisomy 21 is when there is an error in the cell division called â€Å"nondisjunction†. Nondisjunction is a result of an embryo with three copies of the chromosome 21 instead of the normal two copies. In the normal process of reproduction, the egg and the sperm start out with the normal 46 chromosomes. The egg and the sperm will undergo cell division this is where the 46 chromosomes are divided into half and the egg and sperm cells end up with 23 each. When the egg and the sperm fertilize the baby will end up with a complete set of chromosomes half from the mother and the other half from the father. Sometimes though, an error occurs, when the 46 chromosomes are being split. Sometimes the egg or the sperm will keep both copies of the chromosome 21 instead of just having one copy. When fertilized the baby will end up with having 3 #21 chromosomes and this is called â€Å"trisomy 21† or Down’s syndrome. This is a typical cell division. 23 chromosomes from the egg and the sperm. Resulting, in 46 chromosomes. This is Trisomy 21 starting With the normal 46 chromosomes and cell division which results in 47 chromosomes. Translocation This type of Down syndrome is caused by rearranged chromosome material. Just like in trisomy 21 there are three #21 chromosomes, but one of the #21 chromosomes is attached to another chromosome instead of being separate. The extra #21 chromosomes is what causes the health problems associated with Down’s syndrome. In translocation Down syndrome the extra #21 chromosome might be attached to #13 or #14 chromosome. A room full of 100 Down syndrome babies you might not be able to pick out the one who had translocation Down’s syndrome. (fastbleep.com) How do these chromosomes get stuck together? A chromosome is made up of two arms connected by the centromere. In humans the # 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 have very short arms and contains very little useful information, theses are called acrocentric chromosomes.

Caring for Children

For unit 8 you must put together a portfolio of research into a number of different topics as indicated by the headings below. The portfolio should include current and relevant research, information and materials from a variety of sources, refer to child development and identify, where appropriate, the relevance of current legislation.The portfolio may include documents generated through different aspects of your work such as: action plans, curriculum and routine plans, notes of activities, images, audio files, narrative accounts, media other than text, reports and presentations, leaflets, booklets, diaries and other suitable ways of showing research information and materials.Throughout the portfolio you should ensure that you address diversity and inclusive practice where appropriate for the task.You may use appropriate materials from this portfolio to contribute towards your external Research assessment task.Portfolio ContentE1 Collate evidence which describes the role of the prac titioner in caring for children (Gather and present information about the role of the practitioner when caring for children. This could include: meeting the needs and supporting the rights of children, working with their families, working in a team and with other professionals, compliance with legal requirements, care of themselves (the practitioner), training and development, attitudes/values of practitioners, inclusive practice)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.A1 Include a reflective account of the role of the practitioner in caring for children (Develop the information gathered for E1 and use your experiences to consider and show understanding of your practice in caring for children.  Use this reflection to suggest appropriate ways you could develop your role as a practitioner when working with children).E2 Collate information about how care for children may be provided within families and society (Gather and present information about the many different ways children are cared for by families an d by society. This may include: types of family care plus the range of statutory, voluntary, private and independent settings)E3 Include evidence which compares the differing roles of statutory, private, voluntary and independent settings (Provide evidence that looks at the roles of statutory, private, voluntary and independent settings that care for children – their main differences and similarities. > Statutory – provided by the state, e.g. schoolsPrivate – businesses that make a profit, e.g. private day nurseries > Voluntary – national and local organisations e.g. parent and toddler groups > Independent – e.g. pre-preparatory settings; kindergartens).E4 Include a summary of the main regulations that govern the care of children in different types of settings (State in a concise way the main regulations that regulate and control the care of children in a range of settings, eg Children Act 2004. The main points of this act that regulates care of ch ildren are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.)C1 Analyse how the main regulations can influence the provision of care. (A development of E4. Consider how the main regulations and controls you identified in E4 can influence the provision of care available for children)E5 Include TWO (2) activities which will each support and maintain a different aspect of the daily care of children (Include a description of TWO (2) suitable activities. Each activity should support and maintain a different aspect of the daily care of children)E6 Include an explanation of the key issues which enable multi-professional teams to work together (Give details of the main factors that enable teams of professionals with different expertise to work successfully together, eg It is essential to respect and value the knowledge and skills of other professionals because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.)B1 Evaluate ways to work effectively in multi-professional teams to support the care of children ( A development of E6. A detailed consideration and rea soned judgements of the issues (described in E6), to ensure support for children through successful multi- professional teams. Discussion of the effectiveness of ways could include: advantages and disadvantages of multi- professional teams, overcoming barriers to communication, consultation, and holistic approach to care of children, reflective practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.E7 Provide evidence of current and relevant research throughout the portfolio (This criterion will be met if work is supported by appropriate references to current and relevant research).D1 Provide evidence to show how knowledge of child development can contribute to the recognition of children's care needs Supply evidence of how knowledge of child development helps the practitioner recognise individual children's care needs. This may include: reliable and valid assessments of individual children, use of developmental norms, knowledge of age/stage appropriate care, prediction of next stages, understanding differences an d valuing diversity, influences on development, the particular needs of individual children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.D2 Discuss TWO (2) strategies for improving your own learning and performance (Think about and provide detailed information about two different ways you can improve and develop your own learning and performance) .E8 Show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice (This criterion will be met if work in the portfolio demonstrates that all children and their families should have their individual rights and needs identified and met).E9 Include references and bibliography (At least TWO (2) references must be made in the text to relevant books, articles, magazines or web sites. These are sources of information and the sources used should be listed at the end of the assignment in a bibliography. Sources of background reading can also be included in the bibliography. For more information, see CACHE – Finding the Level.